While ambient air pollution levels in excess of prescribed health standards are generally unacceptable, the exceedance is even more serious in areas where people reside. Vulnerability caused by poverty, disease, lack of education, and poor living conditions exacerbates the problem. Air quality management plans identify prioritized strategies for improved air quality independent of consideration...

Sarcheshmeh copper mine, with the final reserves of 828 million tons of sulfur ore and average grade of 0.74%, is known to be the largest open pit of Iran and most probably the second largest copper mine in the world. This mine is located in the seismotectonic zone of Central-Iran, and 23 Km away from the 150 Km long Rafsanjan active fault.In this study the vulnerability of the west wall of the...

An evaluation of the risk to an exposed element from a hazardous event requires a consideration of the element’s vulnerability, which expresses its propensity to suffer damage. This concept allows the assessed level of hazard to be translated to an estimated level of risk and is often used to evaluate the risk from earthquakes and cyclones. However, for other natural perils, such as mass moveme...

tehran as the biggest metropolitan of iran is located in the areas that are at high-risk of earthquake. what increases tehran's vulnerability toward earthquake is the urban physical expansion in vaious dimensions. since the analysis of the mentioned expansion is a solution to many urban problems, the effects of tehran expansion in increasing vulnerability to earthquake has been surveyed in...

Electric power SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system gradually transforming from a separate private network to an open public network, seriously increases the vulnerability risk in electric power SCADA. In order to assess the vulnerability risk in electric power SCADA system, the paper firstly uses Delphi method and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to build an index system of ...

Vulnerability is a measure of the extent to which a community, structure, services or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard. Current asset management practices focuses on studying factors that affect performance of isolated infrastructure networks and model a set of actions to control the expected performance of these networks. This approach ign...

Known vulnerabilities which have been discovered but not patched represents a security risk which can lead to considerable financial damage or loss of reputation. They include vulnerabilities that have either no patches available or for which patches are applied after some delay. Exploitation is even possible before public disclosure of a vulnerability. This paper formally defines risk measures...

The evaluation of network risk is a vital task. It is an essential step in securing any network. This evaluation can help security professionals in making optimal decisions about how to design security countermeasures in order to improve security. This paper proposes a risk estimation model that uses vulnerability database National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Vulnerabi...