Original scientific paper For all scientific studies, for processing analytical data the subject of outliers is of critical importance. The accuracy of Total Electron Content (TEC) models obtained from ground based Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data is strongly affected by some factors such as satellite geometry, cut-off angle, ionospheric shell height, quantity of GPS data etc. Probable out...

In this study, we determined vt subtypes and evaluated verotoxicity in basal as well as induced conditions of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains isolated from cattle and meat products. Most (87%) of the 186 isolates carried a vt(2) gene. Moreover, the vt(2) subtype, which is associated with serious disease, was present in 42% of our VTEC collection. The other vt subtypes detect...

During the wild boars hunting season (2012-2013), 6508 adults were shot in Lazio Region, Viterbo territory. Out of the 6508, 393 subjects were sampled to be tested for the detection of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, E. coli VTEC and Trichinella spp. For this purpose, diaphragm and skeletal muscles samples were collected after the shooting, and tested at the Istituto Zooprofilattico S...

Abstract. A three-dimensional model based on time and location is introduced to enhance the accuracy of vertical total electron content (VTEC) global ionosphere maps (GIMs) empirical models. The chosen International Reference Ionosphere 2016 (IRI-2016) observations are GIMs VTEC values from Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). For this purpose, IRI-2016 considered as a background VT...

The ionospheric storms have adverse effects on the radio communications, satellite communications and also Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) application. A new Ionospheric storm Scale from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Ionosphere Map (GIM), IsUG, is introduced for characterizing state a global scale. IsUG based Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) derived continuously co...

We analyze vertical total electron content (vTEC) variations from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) at different latitudes in continents of world during geomagnetic storms June 2015, August 2018, and November 2021. The resulting ionospheric perturbations low mid-latitudes are investigated terms prompt penetration electric field (PPEF), equatorial electrojet (EEJ), magnetic H compone...

This paper introduces a novel technique that uses observation data from GNSS to estimate the ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) using Kriging–Kalman method. The provides method validate accuracy of Ionospheric VTEC analysis within Equatorial Ionization anomaly region. developed alongside solar parameters, such as radio flux (F10.7 cm), Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) and other data...

Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) are pathogenic bacteria associated with diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Verotoxins (VTs) elaborated by these organisms produce cytopathic effects on a restricted number of cell types, including endothelial cells lining the microvasculature of the bowel and the kidney. Because human intestinal epithelial cells lack the glo...

It is possible that in the study by McAdam et al. [4], the likeli-HIV status. However, these data were not provided in their paper, and it is just as possible that many of the TB patients who were To the Editor —Between July 1992 and May 1993, evidence of not IDUs in that study were also HIV–infected. Hence, one can verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) was found in stool speculate to make ...