Unlike traditional power grids, smart grids have the advantage of bidirectional power flow and having distributed generations. Distributed generation systems are usually supplied by renewable sources which can cause unpredicted voltage fluctuations as a result of being intermittent. While traditional compensating devices deal with the problem of voltage fluctuation and reduced power quality wit...

We consider a model of a distribution feeder connecting multiple loads to the sub-station. Voltage is controlled directly at the head of the line (sub-station), however, voltage anywhere further down the line is subject to fluctuations, caused by irregularities of real and reactive distributed power consumption/generation. The lack of a direct control of voltage along the line may result in the...

Whole cell current- and voltage-clamp recordings were obtained from lumbar motoneurons in the isolated neonatal rat spinal cord to characterize the behavior of motoneurons during neurochemically induced locomotor-like activity. Bath application of serotonin (10-100 muM) in combination with N-methyl-D-aspartate (1-12 muM) initially produced tonic membrane depolarization (mean = 26 mV), increased...

In this paper a compensation strategy based on a particular CUPS device, the Unified Power Quality Compensator (UPQC) has been proposed. A customized internal control scheme of the UPQC device was developed to regulate the voltage in the WF terminals, and to mitigate voltage fluctuations at grid side. The voltage regulation at WF terminal is conducted using the UPQC series converter, by voltage...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is receiving extensive research interests in high/medium voltage applications due to its modularity, scalability, reliability, high voltage capability and excellent harmonic performance. The submodule capacitors are usually quite bulky since they have to withstand fundamental frequency voltage fluctuations. To reduce the capacitance of these capacitors, th...

A planar Bi–Sb multijunction thermal converter was fabricated on the LPCVD Si3N4/SiO2/Si3N4-diaphragm, prepared by silicon bulk micromachining, which thermally isolated a bifilar Ptor NiCr-heater and the hot junctions of a Bi–Sb thermopile from the silicon substrate. The voltage responsivity, the ac–dc transfer difference, and the fluctuations of the output thermoelectric voltage and heater res...

This paper proposes a feed-forward dynamic voltage frequency management (FFDM) method for minimum-power motion video compression. Employing both minimum-power voltage-frequency conditions and the nature of workload fluctuations for MPEG4 encoding, the FFDM method effectively reduces the total power dissipation of software MPEG4 encoding. The FFDM method uses cooperative control of supply voltag...

This paper presents development of an optimal control strategy for a hybrid photovoltaic/battery energy storage (PV/BES) system. The fluctuations at the DC bus voltage due to voltage sag were mitigated by using charge/discharge capability of the BES through the DC/DC buck/boost converter. Furthermore, an optimization of system control parameters responsible for DC bus voltage regulation within ...

Chaotic current fuctuations have been observed in the negative differential conductivity region of n-GaAs at 4.2 K under static external conditions. Power spectra, Poincar6 sections and the fractal dimension of the attractor were determined as functions of the applied voltage for various magnetic-field strengths B. For B = 0 only limit cycles were observed. For B > 0 our results indicate succes...