Neural circuit wiring relies on selective synapse formation whereby a presynaptic release apparatus is matched with its cognate postsynaptic machinery. At metabotropic synapses, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. In the mammalian retina, rod photoreceptors form selective contacts with rod ON-bipolar cells by aligning the presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channe...

The novel Ag nanoparticles/poly(p-phenylene vinylene) [PPV] composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The transmission electron microscope image shows that the average diameter of composite fibers is about 500 nm and Ag nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the PPV matrix with an average diameter of about 25 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectra suggest that there could be ...

Complex multicellular organisms require rapid and accurate transmission of information among cells and tissues and tight coordination of distant functions. In vertebrates, electrical signals and the resulting intracellular calcium transients control contraction of muscle, secretion of hormones, sensation of the environment, processing of information in the brain, and output from the brain to pe...

This paper presents the application of discrete event system in the field of power system. In power system there are various components which required control and coordination when they are in operation. The theory of discrete event system has been applied in the application part of power system. The discrete nature of ULTC and discrete switching behavior of SVC are best suited for the supervis...

The appropriate circuit modeling of metal oxide gapless surge arresters is critical for insulation coordination studies. Metal oxide arresters present a dynamic behavior for fast front surges; namely, their residual voltage is dependent on the peak value, as well as the duration of the injected impulse current, and should therefore not only be represented by non-linear elements. The aim of the ...

This paper provides a brief perspective on how the coordination of cascaded surge-protective devices (SPDs) has become an issue. We propose an approach where the 'ancient' technology of gapped arresters may well be the answer to the dilemma of the incompatibility of a service-entrance SPD having relatively high limiting voltage with the proliferation of built-in or plug-in SPDs having relativel...

How can the large power needs of future electric ships for propulsion, radar, and weapons systems be met given the prohibitive size and weight of the required number of standard 60 Hz AC generators and transformers? A solution may lie in a rugged, efficient, and compact solid-state, 10-20 kV Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) circuit breaker (Figure 1). In this paper, Diversified Technologies, Inc. will ...

The conventional protection schemes may lead towards the inadvertent operation of devices with increased penetration renewable energy sources based distributed generation (RES-DG) in distribution networks (DN). miscoordination and malfunctioning directional overcurrent relays (DOCR) occur due to significant change fault current level (FCL) network topology form radial ring caused by RES-DG. Opt...

The transformers which connect the different voltage levels in transmission and distribution systems are supplied with on-load tap changing mechanism. The on-load tap changer maintains the voltage amplitude within the predefined limits at the so called regulation bus. In a radial feeder, the on-load tap changers are cascaded. Poor coordination between cascaded tap changers causes improper volta...