BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency has deleterious consequences on health outcomes. In elderly or postmenopausal women, it may exacerbate osteoporosis. SCOPE There is currently no clear consensus on definitions of vitamin D insufficiency or minimal targets for vitamin D concentrations and proposed targets vary with the population. In view of the potential confusion for practitioners on when t...

BACKGROUND Older people have a high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency; this can lead to varying degrees of cognitive and neurological impairment. CBL deficiency may present as macrocytic anemia, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, or as neuropathy, but is often asymptomatic in older people. Less is known about subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency and concurrent neuroconduction and cog...

BACKGROUND Recent European Union regulation requires setting of maximum amount of micronutrients in dietary supplements or foods taking into account the tolerable upper intake level (ULs) established by scientific risk assessment and population reference intakes. OBJECTIVE To collect and evaluate recently available data on intakes of selected vitamins and minerals from conventional foods, foo...

BACKGROUND A great variety of dietary supplements and fortified products, containing folic acid, are widely available to satisfy the market demand for supplementing the diet with this vitamin. OBJECTIVE To assess folic acid intake from dietary supplements and fortified products in students. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed between October 2010-April 2011 on 314 university stude...

OBJECTIVE The broad spectrum of extraosseal functions of vitamin D has recently been investigated. Although majority of recent studies have documented its hypotensive effect, some older studies warrant the risk of development the juvenile hypertension namely after pulse-fortified D vitamin supplementation during infancy. The aim of this study was to compare of the blood pressure in 13 year old ...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D is required for normal bone growth and mineralization. We sought to determine whether vitamin D deficiency at birth is associated with bone mineral content (BMC) of Canadian infants. METHODS We measured plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] as an indicator of vitamin D status in 50 healthy mothers and their newborn term infants. In the infants, anthropometry and lumbar, fe...

The overwhelming consensus in the mainstream nutrition community, as well as among vegan health professionals, is that plant foods do not provide vitamin B12. Despite this, some vegan advocates still believe that plant foods provide all the nutrients necessary for optimal health and, therefore, do not address vitamin B12 when promoting the vegan diet. Other vegan advocates acknowledge the need ...

To fulfill the vitamin B12 requirement in chronic strict vegetarian or vegan fortified supplement foods are must essential as it is exclusive component of animal based food, potential neurohematological symptoms generally with anemia but could be the one without anemia in some rare cases of vitamin B12 deficiency status. This case report visualizes the common strict vegetarian neurological rela...

BACKGROUND Dietary intakes of vitamin D are very low in the UK. Dietary calcium is also necessary to promote bone health. The fortification of foods with vitamin D could be a safe and effective way of increasing intake. METHODS Diets of preschool children, 755 at 18 months and 3.5 years, from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were assessed using dietary records completed by ...