Electrical stimulation of the vestibular sensory system during virtual environment simulations reduces the incidence of simulator adaptation syndrome (SAS). However, interactions between vestibular stimulation and complex visual scenery can increase oculomotor symptoms. This study examined an alternative technique to reduce symptoms of SAS using the application of galvanic cutaneous stimulation...

Focused ultrasound is a promising noninvasive technology for neural stimulation. Here we use the isolated salamander retina to characterize the effect of ultrasound on an intact neural circuit and compared these effects with those of visual stimulation of the same retinal ganglion cells. Ultrasound stimuli at an acoustic frequency of 43 MHz and a focal spot diameter of 90 μm delivered from a pi...

Eye movements were recorded in the pigmented rat during vestibular, optokinetic and combined visual-vestibular stimulation. The dominant time constant in pigmented rats, tested during angular vestibular stimulation in darkness, is about two times longer than the cupular time constant. The gain and the duration of nystagmus, achieved by angular vestibular stimulation, can be enhanced by visual i...

In this study, involvement ofvoltage-dependent calcium channels in LTP of responses of rat visual cortex slices was analyzed. Field potentials including EPSP1 and EPSP2 from layers II/III were recorded through stimulation of layer IV. Whereas nifedipine, a L-type calcium channel blocker (L-VDCC), did not considerably affect the LTP of responses, but Ni2+, a relatively selective blocker of T-typ...

One-month old kittens, binocularly deprived with hoods from birth, were used. Before the experiments in which visual stimulation was applied the brainstem of kittens was transected at the pretrigeminal level. Cortical EEG activity and ocular behavior indicated that the isolated cerebrum of preparations was usually awake during experiment. Patterned visual stimulation was directed to one hemisph...

Over three months of intensive training with a tactile stimulation device, 18 blind and 10 blindfolded seeing subjects improved in their ability to identify geometric figures by touch. Seven blind subjects spontaneously reported 'visual qualia', the subjective sensation of seeing flashes of light congruent with tactile stimuli. In the latter subjects tactile stimulation evoked activation of occ...

Within the primate visual system, areas at lower levels of the cortical hierarchy process basic visual features, whereas those at higher levels, such as the frontal eye fields (FEF), are thought to modulate sensory processes via feedback connections. Despite these functional exchanges during perception, there is little shared activity between early and late visual regions at rest. How interacti...

INTRODUCTION The acceptance of acupuncture as a therapy of organic diseases has increased rapidly even though the exact mechanisms of acupuncture are still unknown. Most studies, however, suggest that the effect of acupuncture is transmitted through the neuronal system (1). By means of fMRI, we aim to scrutinize whether or not focal cerebral activity is elicited by acupuncture. Recent studies i...

The albino visual pathway is abnormal in that many fibres from the temporal retina project to the contralateral visual cortex. The visual projections in a human albino and a control have been investigated with fMRI and VEP during independent visual stimulation of both hemifields. Activity in the occipital cortex in the normal was contralateral to the stimulated visual field, whereas it was cont...

significant role that visual stimulation plays in postural control has been well established. For instance, visual stimuli simulating self-motion through the environment generate potent postural adjustments in observers In all the studies just cited, the pos-tural adjustments occurred as a result of motion information in a visual stimulus that was presented to the observer (i.e., direct visual ...