background: primary dysmenorrhoea without any specific pelvic disease is one of the common complaints in women`s medicine. the general purpose of this research is to define the effects of 12-week aquatic exercises on nonathletic girls’ primary dysmenorrhoea. materials and methods: this quasi-experimental was conducted on 40 nonathletic girls aged 18-25 years. data gathering tools were: evaluati...

background: chronic pain depends on many physical and  psychological factors. the aim of this study was  to determine the relationship between anxiety and chronic pain in adult referring to health centers in yazd, iran.  methods: this descriptive study conducted on 397 adults aged between 31 and 87years. the depression, anxiety, stress scale -21(dass-21) was used to measure depression, anxiety ...

BACKGROUND This study reviewed pain severity and assessment as recalled by patients with longbone fractures. The focus was on the intervals between admission, pain assessment and analgesic provision, as delay of analgesia for acute pain can result in complex chronic pain syndromes. AIM The aims were to explore patients' recollection of pain severity and assessment in an emergency department (...

Introduction: Tension-type headache is the most common type of headache across the world. Saliva as a non-invasive medium is used to detect a wide range of diseases. Salivary Alpha-Amylase (SAA) levels has been suggested as a potential indirect marker for detecting Sympathoadrenal Medullary (SAM) activity, which is activated by pain. Significant correlation was found between SAA levels and pain...

Background: Pain after periodontal flap surgery is very common and its control is very important during treatment. Although Ibuprofen is the most common used drug for the pain control in dentistry, it has its own side effects. Purpose: This study was aimed to compare the prophylactic and post operation effect of the ginger Zingiber Officinale (Zintoma) and Ibuprofen on the pain after surgical ...

9 based on reducing tissue levels of inflammatory mediators. Thus, the effective debridement of the infected root canal system, combined with incision for drainage and occlusal reduction if indicated, provides predictable pain reduction strategies in endodontic emergency patients. Antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in the management of endodontic pain. NSAIDs reduce pain and infl...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficient treatment for actinic keratosis. A common problem, however, is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate pain during PDT for actinic keratosis. The possibility of using capsaicin cream for pain relief was also assessed. Pain was investigated during aminolaevulinic acid PDT in 91 patients. Size, redness, scaling and induration of the lesions were r...

Study was conducted to assess the sensitivity and simplicity of various pain rating scales in patients of osteoarthritis with chronic pain so that most appropriate scale can be identified. Scales included were Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Faces Pain Scale- Revised (FPS-R), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). Patients were asked t...

background pain related to burn injuries is one of the most troublesome pain intensity. this study aimed to investigate the effect of massage on anticipatory anxiety, procedural pain intensity, vital signs and relaxation level of patients with burn injury. methods in this quasi-experimental study, through convenience sampling, 60 hospitalized adult burn patients were selected from a specialized...