Introduction The presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) in virus-infected tissue has been well documented by Morris and Dodds (4), Dodds and Bar-Joseph (2). The analysis of dsRNA proved to be useful for determining the virus-free status of propagation material after sanitation treatments. Isolated directly from grapevine, dsRNA is also a good source of viral RNA for synthesizing and cloning cD...

Objective: Influenza A virus infections are still a major health problem and the choices available for the control and treatment of the disease are limited. This research evaluated in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of Peganum harmala L. seeds (PHS) extract against influenza A virus. Materials and Methods: In this research, in vitro anti-influenza A virus activity of the extract was assesse...

background : bovine ephemeral fever (befv) is an arthropod-borne disease of cattle and water buffaloes. befv occurs seasonally in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of africa, asia and australia. it has been known for the past decades in iran based on clinical signs but lack of an accurate diagnosis has made the real feature of disease obscured. this is the first scientific report on i...

in this study, the pathogenicity of a/ch/it/5093/1999 h7n1 which had been isolated from chicken during the outbreak in italy was assessed in chicken by experimental infection virus. ten spf chickens of four week-old were inoculated with this virus, and five chickens were inoculated with uninfected allantoic fluid. for determination of virus shedding, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken f...

Monitoring of poultry, including domestic ducks, for avian influenza (AI) virus has increased considerably in recent years. However, the current methods validated for the diagnosis and detection of AI virus infection in chickens and turkeys have not been evaluated for performance with samples collected from domestic ducks. In order to ensure that methods for the detection of AI virus or AI viru...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus that was first reported in December 2019 and was announced as a pandemic disease on March 11th, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) warning (1). SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact, accordingly, requires treatment in isolation. I...

Individuals exposed to the Covid-19 virus have consequences for isolation, both self-isolation and isolation in health services. During individuals may experience anxiety which needs be managed with appropriate coping strategies. Purpose: find out how experienced by undergoing strategies that dealing arises when during a pandemic. Methods: qualitative using phenomenological study. Data collecti...