The minimum crossing number problem is among the oldest and most fundamental problems arising in the area of automatic graph drawing. In this paper, eight population-based meta-heuristic algorithms are utilized to tackle the minimum crossing number problem for two special types of graphs, namely complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs. A 2-page book drawing representation is employed for ...

Context: Emergence is a term used to describe complex patterns or systems which are formed from very basic rules or agents. Once such example which has intrigued scientists across several fields has been ant colonies. Computer scientists are particularly interested in ant colonies as although each individual ant acts in a very simple manor, the ant colony as a whole is able to find shortest pat...

High annual losses of honey bees, as well as range reductions and local extinctions of wild and native pollinator species, are concerning because bees are important plant pollinators [1]. Approximately one-third of the typical Western diet requires bee pollination, and honey bees (Apis mellifera) are the primary pollinators of numerous food crops, including fruits, nuts, vegetables, and oilseed...

Whiteflies, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Bemisia tabaci, a complex of morphologically indistinquishable species(5), are vectors of many plant viruses. Several genera of these whitefly-transmitted plant viruses (Begomovirus, Carlavirus, Crinivirus, Ipomovirus, Torradovirus) include several hundred species of emerging and economically significant pathogens of important food and fiber crops (reviewed b...

The effects of the Friend and Rauscher leukemia viruses on the marrow and spleen colony-forming unit compartments have been studied. It was found that the two viruses produced qualitatively similar but quantitatively different #{224}(ffectsrelative to each other. Comparison of the effects of the individual virus on spleen with those on the marrow also showed striking differences. In the spleen ...

Many species of tsetse flies are infected with a virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) symptoms associated with a reduced fecundity and fertility. A high prevalence of SGH has been correlated with the collapse of two laboratory colonies of Glossina pallidipes and colony maintenance problems in a mass rearing facility in Ethiopia. Mass-production of G. pallidipes is crucial for prog...

In this extended abstract we present an algorithm based on the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic for the single machine total weighted tardiness problem, a well known NP–hard scheduling problem. Our ACO algorithm is currently among the best algorithms known for this problem type. In particular, we will discuss three elements that enable it to find very good solutions quickly. These ar...

The specificity of murine leukemia virus-induced myelomonocytic phenotypic changes in long-term bone marrow culture have been examined by comparing the effects of polycythemia-inducing Friend leukemia virus (FVP) and Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) known to have in vivo target cells in the erythroid and lymphoid lineage, respectively. Noninfected adn M-MuLV-infected cultures showed no mo...

Since the last decade, unusually high honey bee colony losses have been reported mainly in North-America and Europe. Here, we report on a comprehensive bee pathogen screening in Belgium covering 363 bee colonies that were screened for 18 known disease-causing pathogens and correlate their incidence in summer with subsequent winter mortality. Our analyses demonstrate that, in addition to Varroa ...

In data mining, clustering is one of the important issues for separation and classification with groups like unsupervised data. In this paper, an attempt has been made to improve and optimize the application of clustering heuristic methods such as Genetic, PSO algorithm, Artificial bee colony algorithm, Harmony Search algorithm and Differential Evolution on the unlabeled data of an Iranian bank...