In this paper, a decision-making framework is proposed for virtual power plant (VPP) to participate in day-ahead (DA) and regulating market (RM) considering internal demand response (IDR) flexibility. the model, DR exchange (DRXM) also introduced cover deviations of uncertain resources decrease VPP’s imbalance penalties RM. The VPP can optimize its procurement expenditures by providing s...

To ensure frequency stability in future low-inertia power grids, fast ancillary services such as reserves (FFR) have been proposed. In this work, the coordination of conventional (slow) containment (FCR) with FFR is treated a decentralized model matching problem. The design results dynamic virtual plant (DVPP) whose aggregated output fulfills system operator’s (SO’s) requirements ...