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A famous example of problem solving in birds is the string-pulling tactic. In an experimental setup a bird can obtain food by lifting a small food container suspended from a perch by a string. This behaviour is known as a popular entertainment since ancient times, in particular from goldfinches. It was mentioned by Plinius (1554), by Albertus Magnus in 1250, by the Italian historian Bartolomeo ...

Abstract: The ethanol extract of Cynanchum ascyrifolium Matsum. showed significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities with dose dependent manner using in vitro experiments. Then, the bioassay-guided ethanol extract lead to identification of four active compounds, namely ursolic acid (1), maslinic acid (2), cynanoside A (3) and syringaresinol (4). Among these compounds, cynanosid...

Based on MS and NMR data and bioassay-guided tracing, three insecticidal alkaloids I, II and III from Cynanchum mongolicum were identified to be antofine N-oxide, antofine and tylophorine. Alkaloid I was more toxic than alkaloids II and III, but they were less active against Spodoptera litura than total alkaloids. The contact toxicity from these alkaloids against the aphid Lipaphis erysimi was ...

Despite the considerable research that has been devoted to schizophrenia and depression over the last years, the understanding of the biological bases of these disabling disorders is still fragmentary. Adoption-, twin-and family studies, provide clear evidence of strong genetic components to these mental disorders, although multiple loci are likely to be involved. The effect of pharmacological ...

OBJECTIVE To screen for influenza virus neuraminidase inhibition and to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of influenza using traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In this study, 421 crude extracts (solubilized with petroleum ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solvents) were obtained from 113 TCM. The medicine extracts were then reacted with oseltamivir, using 2'-(4-methylumb...

Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., Hughes, P. C. R., and Vince, F. P. (1971). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 46, 745. Effect of human growth hormone treatment for 1 to 7 years on growth of 100 children, with growth hormone deficiency, low birthweight, inherited smallness, Turner's syndrome, and other complaints. (1) Human growth hormone (HGH) has been given for one whole year or longer to 100...

In this paper, we draw from management and educational literature to discuss the emotional experience of instructors when designing and implementing virtual learning activities. Using models of experiential learning (Kolb, 1984 and Vince, 1998) we analyse how the emotional experience of an instructor when designing and implementing a virtual pedagogic activity can lead to its redesign. From our...

Several in vitro and in situ approaches were used to determine the dominant presystemic activation site for (2)-6-aminocarbovir, (2)-carbocyclic 2*,3*-didehydro-2*,3*-dideoxy-6-deoxy-6-aminoguanosine (6AC) conversion in rats. The in vitro disappearance half-lives (mean 6 S.D.) in the cytosolic fractions obtained from homogenates of the intestine, liver, and intestinal contents were 0.4 6 0.1 (n...

Professor Malcolm Dixon’s eightieth birthday fell on 18 April 1979. On behalf of the Molecular Enzymology Group of the Biochemical Society, Dr. R. N. Perham organized a Colloquium in Cambridge on 6th April to celebrate the event. Many of Professor Dixon’s former colleagues and students attended this, and the excellent dinner at King’s College that followed. The speakers at the Colloquium were F...