This paper gives an overview of existing instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation methods divided into several major categories. One of the first IF estimation approaches was based on the spectrogram, the resolution of which is highly window size dependant. In order to improve the IF estimation accuracy, the iterative method was proposed, such that each iteration gives more accurate estimation o...

1. LRC MESO, École normale supérieure de Cachan (CMLA) et CEA-DAM, 61, avenue du Président Wilson, F-94235 Cachan Cedex, France. 2. Service de physique de l’état condensé (URA 2464), CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France 3. Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, (QC) H3C 3J7, Canada, 4. Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières...

Program visualization (PV) is potentially a useful method for teaching programming basics to novice programmers. However, there are very few studies on the effects of PV. We have developed a PV tool called ViLLE at the University of Turku. In this paper, multiple studies on the effects of the tool are presented. In addition, new qualitative data about students’ feedback of using the tool is pre...