The recent description of a Lin(-)AA4.1(+)CD19(+)B220(Lo/-) B1-specified progenitor (B1P) population in adult marrow adds support for the argument that these unique B cells arise from a distinct lineage. However, the origins of B1P were not investigated and their developmental relationships to conventional B2 cells remain unclear. We now report that B1P development is IL-7Ralpha-dependent, and ...

Absfract-Stetlar ultraviolet light near 1SOOA is attenuated in the Earth’s upper atmosphere due to strong absorption in the Schumarm-Runge continuum of molecular oxygen. The intensity of stars in the Schumann-Runge continuum region has been monitored by the University of Wisconsin stellar photometers aboard the OAO-2 satellite durin ‘I, occultation of the star by the Earth’s atmosphere. These d...

This paper introduces a new algorithm Q for optimizing the expected output of a multi input noisy continuous function Q is de signed to need only a few experiments it avoids strong assumptions on the form of the function and it is autonomous in that it re quires little problem speci c tweaking These capabilities are directly applicable to industrial processes and may become in creasingly valuab...

This paper presents the design and implementation of configurable fault-tolerance techniques for a configurable VLIW processor. The processor can be configured for 2, 4, or 8 issue-slots with different types of execution functional units (FUs), and its instruction set architecture (ISA) is based on the VEX ISA. Separate techniques are employed to protect different modules of the processor from ...

In this paper, the ByoRISC (“Build your own RISC”) configurable application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) family is presented. ByoRISCs, as vendor-independent cores, provide extensive architectural parameters over a baseline processor, which can be customized by application-specific hardware extensions (ASHEs). Such extensions realize multi-input multi-output (MIMO) custom instructi...

The change in reaction energetics of the bicarbonate-dependent ATPase reaction of Escherichia coli carbamoyl phosphate synthetase has been investigated for two site-directed mutations of the essential cysteine in the small subunit. Cysteine 269 has been proposed to facilitate the hydrolysis of glutamine by the formation of a glutamyl-thioester intermediate. The two mutant enzymes, C269S and C26...

Graphic lambda calculus consists of a class of graphs endowed with moves between them. It might be considered a visual language in the sense of Erwig [1]. The name comes from the fact that it can be used for representing terms and reductions from untyped lambda calculus. Its main move is called the graphic beta move for its relation to the beta reduction in lambda calculus. However, the graphic...

We examine if vibration of millimeter-sized cantilever sensors can release nonspecifically adsorbed proteins. Integrated electrochemical and mass-change measurement as well as fluorescence assays showed transverse surface vibration released nonspecifically bound proteins in samples prepared at 0.2-3.6 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA) per mL. Extent of release was directly related to magnitude of e...

Venus airglow emissions have been unambiguously detected in the wavelength ranges of 1.40–1.49 and 2.6–3.14 μm limb observations by Visible Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) onboard Express (VEx) spacecraft are attributed to OH(2–0) OH(1–0) Meinel band transitions. The integrated (limb slant path) emission rates for these bands were measured Piccioni et al. (2008). Photochemical (C...

Undoubtedly, racism is a deeply-anchored problem that continues to vex our world. There long history behind it, which can easily be traced back the Middle Ages and beyond. This article, however, takes into consideration number of medieval narratives art works in surprisingly positive images Blacks are provided. The encounter with black-skinned people tended create problems even for best-intende...