The Hoffmann (H-) reflex is an electrical analogue of the monosynaptic stretch reflex, elicited by bypassing the muscle spindle and directly stimulating the afferent nerve. Studying H-reflex modulation provides insight into how the nervous system centrally modulates stretch reflex responses.A common measure of H-reflex gain is the slope of the relationship between H-reflex amplitude and EMG amp...

Moderate rectal distension elicits recto-rectal reflex contractions and simultaneous recto-internal anal sphincter reflex relaxations that together comprise the defecation reflex. Both reflexes are controlled by 1) pelvic nerves, 2) lumbar colonic nerves, and 3) enteric nervous system. The aim of the present study was to explore a novel approach to repairing the defecation reflex dysfunction by...

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BFB) is paced breathing scheme that stimulates resonance in the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate effect of a single-session HRV BFB on Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) soleus muscle. Twelve healthy males (height: 173.7 ± 7.18 cm; weight: 72.7 17.7 kg; age: 24.0 5.02 yrs) completed randomized-crossover intervention involving 10-minute and no...

The organizational reflex in relation to the company is considered be an instinctive reaction of its employees external stimulus that has arisen or, other words, ability employee spontaneously generate a competitive response based on information received from global environment. It intentional algorithm enables know how and when react as quickly possible, according signal environment received, ...

In 30 normal subjects, the influence of the reflex activation of one myotatic reflex arc on the excitability of other myotatic reflex arcs of the lower limb has been investigated using excitability curves. Soleus, quadriceps, and short biceps tendon reflexes as well as H reflex at two different intensities (liminal and H max/2) were used either as conditioning or as conditioned responses. The r...

The human motor system regulates arm mechanics to produce stable postures during interactions with different physical environments. This occurs partly via involuntary mechanisms, including stretch reflexes. Previous single-joint studies demonstrated enhanced reflex sensitivity during interactions with compliant environments, suggesting reflex gain increases to enhance limb stability when that s...

UNLABELLED Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has high prevalence and may cause serious comorbidities. The aim of this trial was to show if simple noninvasive methods such as gag reflex and palatal reflex are prospective multivariate assessments of predictor variables for OSA. METHOD We evaluate gag reflex and palatal reflex, of fifty-five adult patients, and their subsequent overnight polysomnogr...

The Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) is extensively used as both a research and clinical tool. The ease with which this reflex can be elicited in several muscles throughout the body makes it an attractive tool. This review discusses some of the important limitations in using the H-reflex. In particular, the inaccurate but widely held assumptions that the H-reflex (1). represents the monosynaptic refl...

[Purpose] Whole-body vibration (WBV) can induce reflex responses in muscles. A number of studies have reported that the physiological mechanisms underlying this type of reflex activity can be explained by reference to a stretch-induced reflex. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to test whether the WBV-induced muscular reflex (WBV-IMR) can be explained as a stretch-induced reflex. [Su...