background: ménière’s disease  has been  remained  as a difficult therapeutic  challenge. the  present  study aimed to   determine    the effects of  one-shot low-dosage intratympanic   gentamicin   on  vertigo control, auditory outcomes  and  findings of computerized  dynamic posturography  and   vestibular  evoked  myogenic potentials in patients with unilateral ménière’s disease. methods: in...

Features: * Up-to-date review of the peripheral and central vestibular systems with latest references * New bedside tests of vestibular function * Review of latest treatment maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo * New chapters on: laboratory diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction; migraine; immune-mediated disorders; inherited disorders; symptomatic treatment of vertigo; antiemetic an...

Elevated levels of stress and anxiety often accompany vestibular dysfunction, while conversely complaints of dizziness and loss of balance are common in patients with panic and other anxiety disorders. The interactions between stress and vestibular function have been investigated both in animal models and in clinical studies. Evidence from animal studies indicates that vestibular symptoms are e...

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is essential in our daily life to stabilize retinal images during head movements. Balanced vestibular functionality secures optimal reflex performance which otherwise can be distorted by peripheral vestibular lesions. Luckily, vestibular compensation in different neuronal sites restores VOR function to some extent over time. Studying vestibular compensation giv...

Concern that vestibular stimulation may induce seizures in seizure-prone children has been based on hearsay and unconfirmed clinical impressions of practicing therapists. To clarify this issue, we took electroencephalographic recordings of seizure-prone children before, during, and after specific vestibular stimulation. Ten children with seizure histories, 5, to 15 years of age, were exposed to...

Reports of vestibular deficits and related impairments in children are increasing in number. However, vestibular dysfunction in childhood appears to be an under-reported and overlooked entity. This report provides an overview of current literature regarding the incidence of vestibular deficits in children, the related impairments of gaze stability and balance and intervention for vestibular rel...

In addition to the deficits in the vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal reflexes that occur following vestibular dysfunction, there is substantial evidence that vestibular loss also causes cognitive disorders, some of which may be due to the reflexive deficits and some of which are related to the role that ascending vestibular pathways to the limbic system and neocortex play in spatial orienta...

Modern diagnostic methods such as video head impulse test and cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials allow to measure canal and otolith function quantitatively and objectively. These methods contribute to a complex assessment of the functional integrity of all 5 sensory elements of the vestibular organ for the first time. Moreover, in combination with additional vestibular te...

Efferent circuits within the nervous system carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to sensory end organs. Vestibular efferents originate in the brainstem and terminate on hair cells and primary afferent fibers in the semicircular canals and otolith organs within the inner ear. The function of this efferent vestibular system (EVS) in vestibular and motor coordination though, has pr...