1. Vegetation composition, structure, and life-history 1.1. Composition 1.2. Structure 1.3. Life-History Traits 1.4. Structure and Composition Linkage 2. Ecosystem function 2.1. Structure and Function Linkage 2.2. Diversity and Function Linkage 3. Vegetation classification 3.

this paper presents, a hybrid method, low-resolution and high-resolution, for persian page segmentation. in the low-resolution page segmentation, a pyramidal image structure is constructed for multiscale analysis and segments document image to a set of regions. by high-resolution page segmentation, by connected components analysis, each region is segmented to homogeneous regions and identifying...

The objective of this study was to characterize the floristic composition, vegetation structure and ecological group of tree species in a cerradão forest (Cerrado biome) of Palmas, Tocantins State, Brazil. A forest inventory was performed in an area of 10.15 hectares, using systematic sampling with plots of 400 m2, in which all standing trees, alive and dead, that had diameter at breast height ...

In the taiga-tundra ecotone (TTE), site-dependent forest structure characteristics can influence the subtle and heterogeneous structural changes that occur across the broad circumpolar extent. Such changes may be related to ecotone form, described by the horizontal and vertical patterns of forest structure (e.g., tree cover, density and height) within TTE 10 forest patches, driven by local site...

For the analysis of vegetation areas using satellites, a variety of vegetation indexes such as NDVI and EVI have been developed. However, most indexes have weak response to grasping the type and quality (the growth state and situation) of vegetation. To grasp these vegetation characteristics, we have developed new vegetation indexes, i.e. shadow index (SI) and water stress trend (WST). We estim...

[1] The goal of this study is to understand the interaction between belowground and aboveground ecohydrologic dynamics as facilitated by hydraulic redistribution. We analyze the partitioning of moisture and energy between tall and understory vegetation, and soil evaporation. Both the competitive and facilitative dependencies are examined using a shared resource model where the soil serves as a ...

Vegetation natural heritage can be valued in itself, but also as a habitat for many wildlife species. This study presents methodological essay concerning the evaluation of plant heritage, applied Central Alentejo, south Portugal. was based on following criteria: horizontal and vertical structure vegetation, tree cover density, rare species richness, phytocenotic maturity, importance ecological ...

Understanding the vertical pattern of leaf traits across plant canopies provide critical information on plant physiology, ecosystem functioning and structure and vegetation response to climate change. However, the impact of vertical canopy position on leaf spectral properties and subsequently leaf traits across the entire spectrum for multiple species is poorly understood. In this study, we exa...

Soil conditions and microclimate are important determinants of the fine-scale distribution of plant species in the Arctic, creating locally heterogeneous vegetation. We hypothesize that root-associated fungal (RAF) communities respond to the same fine-scale environmental gradients as the aboveground vegetation, creating a coherent pattern between aboveground vegetation and RAF. We explored how ...

Extensive alteration of the tidal salt marshes of San Francisco Bay has created an urgent need to preserve the few remaining areas of relatively pristine tidal marshes. The dynamics of these marshes can be quantified and mapped using the high vertical and horizontal point density of airborne laser scanners (lidar) if their data quality is adequate. We evaluated lidar’s ability to characterize w...