A mathematical model was developed to analyze the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony during pressure support ventilation (PSV). Solving the model revealed several results. 1) Ratio of the flow at the end of patient neural inspiration to peak inspiratory flow (VTI/V(peak)) during PSV is determined by the ratio of time constant of the respiratory system (tau) to patient neural inspiratory time (...

In this Letter we report experimental evidence that rotation enhances vertical inhomogeneity in turbulent convection, in spite of the increased columnar flow ordering under rotation. Measurements using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry have been carried out on turbulent rotating convection in water. At constant Rayleigh number Ra=1.11 x 10(9) several rotation rates have been used, so that...

The local isotropy of turbulent plume flow in linearly stratified saltwater was examined by using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Linear stratification was produced in a 50×50×50 cm plexiglas tank by using the two-tank method. The plume was created by injecting dense fluid downward near the top of the stratified column. Images of seeding particles in the flow were recorded at 10...

Constitutive equations for inelastic behavior of anisotropic materials have been a challenge for decades. Presented is a new spherocylindrical microplane constitutive model that meets this challenge for the inelastic fracturing behavior of orthotropic materials, and particularly the shale, which is transversely isotropic and is important for hydraulic fracturing (aka fracking) as well as many g...

This study aims to examine the relationships among human resource development climate (HRDC), organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and voluntary turnover intentions (VTI) in the banking sector. Questionnaires were distributed to working adults in Nigerian commercial banks to guage the employees’ individual perception, and thus data obtained was treated as an individual data source. About ...

This paper details the field-testing approach and results of thermite welds used in railway applications. Rail steels made from R260 grades are welded by two different processes: standard process according to European standards, a recent technology. Welds introduced same testing location ensure comparable loading conditions aim studying their degradation behaviours. The total testing-period is ...

Background—Arterial tortuosity is described as a common and distinctive feature of Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), yet reports on arterial tortuosity are based on qualitative observations and none have investigated an association between tortuosity and cardiovascular outcomes in LDS or other connective tissue disorders. Methods and Results—We performed a retrospective analysis of 90 patients 50 yea...

Dipole sonic log data recorded in a vertical pilot well and the associated production well are analyzed over a 200 × 1100-ft section of a North American gas shale formation. The combination of these two wells enables angular sampling in the vertical direction and over a range of inclination angles from 54° to 90°. Dipole sonic logs from these wells show that the formation’s average properties a...