The measurement of the physical extent of opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) during bolus swallowing has to date relied on videofluoroscopy. Theoretically luminal impedance measured during bolus flow should be influenced by luminal diameter. In this study, we measured the UES nadir impedance (lowest value of impedance) during bolus swallowing and assessed it as a potential correlat...

—We analyze the structure of the general solution of the two-dimensional electrical impedance equation in analytic form using Taylor series in formal powers, for the case when the conductivity is a separable-variables function only once derivable, using a quaternionic reformulation that leads us to a special kind of Vekua equation. Finally, we broach its applications in the eld of electrical im...

In (3) φ is an arbitrary test function and ρ the density of the fluid. In consequence, to calculate the acoustic field and thus, to solve the acoustic wave equation, the impedance Za on the surface Γ has to be known. Hence, a measurement technique to determine the acoustic impedance is of great importance, because a realistic sound field can only be calculated, if the real acoustic impedance at...

This paper presets a method including a combination of the wavelet transform and fuzzy function approximation (FFA) for high impedance fault (HIF) detection in distribution electricity network. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been used in this paper as a tool for signal analysis. With studying different types of mother signals, detail types and feeder signal, the best case is selected. The...

This paper presents a new adaptive impedance control strategy, based on Function Approximation Technique (FAT) to compensate for unknown non-flat environment shape or time-varying environment location. The target impedance in the force controllable direction is modified by incorporating adaptive compensators and the uncertainties are represented by FAT, allowing the update law to be derived eas...

from the mathematical point of view, the fao penman-monteith equation shows a homographic function related to the wind speed. the homographic function has horizontal and vertical asymptotes. in this issue horizontal asymptote is applicable; because the vertical asymptote occurs for negative values of wind speed but the negative sign indicates the direction of the wind speed and only the absolut...

—Using a quaternionic reformulation of the threedimensional Electrical Impedance Equation, and a generalization of the Bers generating sets, as well as the Beltrami equation, we introduce a new class of exact solutions for the case when the conductivity is represented by a separable-variables function depending upon three spacial variables. Finally, we discuss the possible contribution of these...

Any AM antenna system consists of the antenna itself, some sort of transmission line to convey the RF energy from the transmitter to the antenna, and some sort of impedance matching network. Directional antenna systems consist of multiple radiating elements, transmission lines and matching networks. In this paper, we will examine in building-block fashion the components that make up such system...

This article presents the results of two in-vivo studies providing measurements of human static ankle mechanical impedance. Accurate measurements of ankle impedance when muscles were voluntarily activated were obtained using a therapeutic robot, Anklebot, and an electromyographic recording system. Important features of ankle impedance, and their variation with muscle activity, are discussed, in...