This paper discusses issues including tongue position, tongue movement space, constraint etc. of Mongolian word-initial consonants. The experimental result shows that word-initial consonant tongue horizontal movement space is constrained by constriction position and is in conformity with the rule that front consonant leads to smaller tongue movement space; higher consonant leads to smaller tong...

We model a duopoly in which ex-ante identical firms must decide where to direct their innovation efforts. The firms face market uncertainty about consumers’ preferences for innovation on two product attributes, and technology uncertainty about the success of their R&D investments. Firms can conduct costly market research before setting R&D strategy. We find that the value of market information ...

A common tactile display design uses an array of mechanical pins covered by a rubber layer which acts as a spatial low pass filter. To characterize the perceptual relationship between this rubber layer and shape rendering, we conducted psychophysical experiments to examine the perception of a vertical line stimulus felt using rubber covers of varying thickness and stiffness. We found no signifi...

Over the last fifteen years, Payments for Environmental Services (PES) schemes have become very popular environmental policy instruments, but the academic literature has begun to question their additionality. The literature attempts to estimate the causal effect of these programs by applying impact evaluation (IE) techniques. However, PES programs are complex instruments and IE methods cannot b...

Wind turbine is a technology which converting wind energy to electric power. Wind energy is easily accessible anywhere in the world and is one of renewable energy. However, in Kuala Terengganu, the lower average wind speed become one of the factors wind turbine has not been used widely as alternative method for generating the electric power. Thereby, small scale wind turbine which can generate ...

Reports on children presenting symptoms compatible with the chronic phase of Chagas disease are sporadic. We report a case of a 7-year-old boy who had megaesophagus and megacolon, both of them a consequence of the trypanosomiasis. The etiology was established by means of laboratory and histological features. Based on epidemiological data, the authors concluded that vertical transmission was the...

background: in general, measurements of solar ultraviolet (uv) radiation are related to horizontal surfaces. while the hu­mans walking and standing outdoors expose to the natural solar uv radiation, their eyes, cheeks, extremities, trunks, or many other anatomical sites are close to vertical plane and random orient to different directions. in this study, we character­ized the diurnal variations...

Scene is a flexible system in which users can produce monolithic systems or "unix style" piped systems consisting of a number of components each providing one operation. They can also use either of the two standalone systems provided. The software has been developed on a Sun 3/50 system miming SunOS 3.5. It is written in C and, apart from the display and device specific functions, would be easi...

The idea of the student issue. The future of Interval Computations is with the student researchers entering the field. Their vision, their insights, their approaches will shape the future research. To highlight their contributions, the Editorial Board of the International Journal Interval Computations (since 1995, Reliable Computing) decided to make a special issue with high-quality papers writ...