The idea that there are any large-scale trends in the evolution of biological organisms is highly controversial. It is commonly believed, for example, that there is a large-scale trend in evolution towards increasing complexity, but empirical and theoretical arguments undermine this belief. Natural selection results in organisms that are well adapted to their local environments, but it is not c...

The idea that there are any large-scale trends in the evolution of biological organisms is highly controversial. It is commonly believed, for example, that there is a large-scale trend in evolution towards increasing complexity, but empirical and theoretical arguments undermine this belief. Natural selection results in organisms that are well adapted to their local environments, but it is not c...

The versatility of the XML language is one of its main strengths, and thus it is suitable for being used in a very wide range of applications that entail structuring, exchanging and processing the information. This versatility has favored its widespread acceptance, an important advantage for its introduction in the standardization processes. In this paper, this versatility is described in three...

Existing commercial and research event-based middleware are limited in their ability to evolve in order to support the requirements of novel applications. As a result, new infrastructures are being proposed to attend to widening scope and changing demands. In this paper, we define the concept of versatility generally and survey existing approaches that can be used to develop and preserve versat...