This article proposes novel off-line test generation techniques from non-deterministic timed automata with inputs and outputs (TAIOs) in the formal framework of the tioco conformance theory. In this context, a first problem is the determinization of TAIOs, which is necessary to foresee next enabled actions after an observable trace, but is in general impossible because not all timed automata ar...

The paper presents results from field validation of a closed loop performance monitoring system installed on several units of a refinery plant. The system supervises more than 1200 base control loops and evaluates performance periodically, after scheduled data acquisitions followed by off-line analysis. The first point taken into account is a comparison between verdicts issued by the system and...

The presence of a jury is intended to keep criminal trials fair and objective, but sometimes jurors’ perceptions, biases, and beliefs in stereotypes affect verdicts. Defendant and juror characteristics such as social class and age, often lead to differing judgments and perceptions, but limited research has been done on the interaction between these characteristics. This study examines the effec...

Cauda equina syndrome is 1 of a few true surgical emergencies involving the lumbar spine. Although treatment within 48 hours has been found to correlate with improved outcomes, recovery of bowel and bladder control does not always occur, and loss of these functions can be distressing to patients. An understanding of factors affecting the legal outcome can aid the clinician in determining risk m...

Abstract In many judicial systems, confessions are a requirement for criminal conviction. Even if intrinsically convincing, this might not entirely explain why they play such paramount role. addition, it has been suggested that owe their importance to legitimizing role, explaining could be required even when other evidence convinced judge. But would particularly suited justify verdicts? One pos...

A 23 year follow up of deaths in a population of mentally disordered patients was carried out, and a typical case history is reported. A quarter (71) of the deaths reported were unnatural, verdicts of suicide or accidental death or open verdicts having been recorded. For men in most age groups the proportion of deaths by suicide was two to three times greater than in the general population in 1...

One of the benefits of the comparative study of legal institutions is that it exposes the extent to which they are shaped by contingency as well as by logic or principle. What is regarded in one jurisdiction as the only possible or acceptable way of doing something is often revealed to be pure preconception. In other words, the comparative study of law can act as a balance to the unconscious et...