African forests within the Congo Basin are generally mapped at a regional scale as broad-leaved evergreen forests, with the main distinction being between terra-firme and swamp forest types. At the same time, commercial forest inventories, as well as national maps, have highlighted a strong spatial heterogeneity of forest types. A detailed vegetation map generated using consistent methods is ne...

Many studies have documented that patterns of species composition change after gap creation, but few have addressed the processes responsible for this change. The idea of competitive reduction, that disturbance removes biomass, reducing competitive intensity and allowing competitively inferior fugitive species to colonize, has been widely accepted but rarely tested. We suggest an alternative hy...

Let F be a (0, 1) matrix. A (0, 1) matrix M is said to have F as a configuration if there is a submatrix of M which is a row and column permutation of F . We say that a matrix M is simple if it has no repeated columns. For a given v ∈ N, we shall denote by forb(v,F) the maximum number of columns in a simple (0, 1) matrix with v rows for which F does not occur as a configuration. We say that a m...

For a graph H, let Forb(H) be the class of graphs that do not induce H, and let P5 be the path on five vertices. In this article, we answer two questions of Gyrfs and Lehel. First, we show that there exists a function f(w) such that for any graph G E Forb(Ph), the on-line coloring algorithm First-Fit uses at most f(w(G)) colors on G, where w(G) is the clique size of G. Second, we show that ther...

Understanding the plant species diversity could be used as an importantindicator applied for the natural areas management. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the relationships between soil characterizes with distribution and diversity ofplant in vegetation types in Karvan district (located in west of Isfahan province). For thispurpose, three vegetation types were selected as follows: Scari...

Woody encroachment is occurring in many marsh-mangrove ecotones across the globe, with multiple drivers contributing to an increase mangrove cover. As a result, marsh plant species are often displaced, resulting striking regime shift from grass and forb-dominated habitats taller, woody vegetation. Our goal was quantify bottom-up effects of into coastal wetlands on associated plant, nekton, bird...

The present paper connects sharpenings of Sauer’s bound on forbidden configurations with color critical hypergraphs. We define a matrix to be simple if it is a (0,1)-matrix with no repeated columns. Let F be a k × l (0,1)-matrix (the forbidden configuration). Assume A is an m × n simple matrix which has no submatrix which is a row and column permutation of F . We define forb(m, F ) as the best ...

One of the issues that caught my attention in discussion on Religion and Human Rights, which is also an issue has recently started to be hotly discussed Indonesia, LGBTQ+ minority rights (gay rights). This becomes interesting, gay rights, especially when this deals with Freedom or Belief (FoRB). As we saw human at International, tensions between FoRB several countries have their own characteris...

This article examines the constitutional allocation of power over primary and secondary education in Australia, place protection for freedom religion or belief (FoRB) Australian government religious non-government schools. provides both an overview judicial treatment constitutional, legislative, common law FoRB a consideration emerging issues schools, suggesting that courts may soon be required...

This study aims to evaluate three classes of methods to discriminate between 13 peatland vegetation types using reflectance data. These vegetation types were empirically defined according to their composition, strata and biodiversity richness. On one hand, it is assumed that the same vegetation type spectral signatures have similarities. Consequently, they can be compared to a reference spectra...