The use of tick vaccines in mammalian hosts has been shown to be the most promising alternative tick control method to current use of acaricides, which suffers from a number of limitations. However, the success of this method is dependent on the identification, cloning, and in vitro expression of tick molecules involved in the mediation of key physiological roles with respect to the biological ...

Rickettsia africae is the agent of African tick-bite fever, a mild but common disease of local persons and tourists in Africa. The major vector of this spotted fever group rickettsia is most likely Amblyomma variegatum, the tropical bont tick, which has become widely distributed through the West Indies in the last 30 years. This report reviews all available information on R. africae in the West...

A lone-star tick, Amblyomma americanum, was found as a pedunculated lesion on the back of the arm of an 84 year old man in Northern Ireland. This was acquired on a visit to the USA. The tick is found mainly in Texas and the Ozark mountains of Missouri, with scattered foci in other parts of southern USA. It is the vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. As worldwide travel becomes increasingly c...

On 28 October, 1993, a live, partially engorged, female black-legged tick was removed from a dog in Kenora, 50 km east of the Manitoba border. The dog had never been out of the town. The Kenora Veterinary Clinic submitted the tick to the Vector-borne Diseases Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, for identification and spirochetal analysis and it ...

Rhipicephalus microplus is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite of cattle and an important biological vector of Anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical regions. The primary determinants for A. marginale transmission are infection of the tick gut, followed by infection of salivary glands. Transmission of A. marginale to cattle occurs via infected saliva delivered during tick feeding. I...

A total of 7210 unfed adult Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 and I. ricinus (L., 1758) ticks were collected from the vegetation by flagging in 35 study sites located in the zone of their sympatry (mainly in Leningrad region, Russia). Borrelia infection in ticks was estimated by the dark-field microscopic analysis of gut contents in standard vital preparations at a magnification of x600. No corr...

Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme borreliosis, is predominantly transmitted by Ixodes ticks. Spirochetes have developed many strategies to adapt to the different environments that are present in the arthropod vector and the vertebrate host. This review focuses on B. burgdorferi genes that are preferentially expressed in the tick and the vertebrate host, and describes how selec...

In Connecticut and the northeastern United States, the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (commonly known as the deer tick) is the vector for four disease agents; Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and the deer tick virus (DTV) that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human babesiosis, and Powassan encephalitis, respectively. There are around 3,0...

During the 3-year period (2020–2022), 49 cases of tick bites were presented to Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. More than 60% all between March and September occurred within two months (May June). Amblyomma testudinarium was responsible for 40 among bite cases. Specifically, 41 individuals this species (39 nymphs/2 adult females) linked (The point estimate 0.79...

Tick-borne diseases are of increasing public health concern because of range expansions of both vectors and pathogens (Daniel et al., 2003). Lyme borreliosis is the most common arthropod-borne human disease in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The causative agents of Lyme borreliosis (and other tick-borne borrelioses) are spirochaetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato...