Ragworms Nereis diversicolor live in burrows which, if deeper than 5 to 10 cm, offer a safe refuge from most of their predators. Burrow depth must be ca 15 cm before they live out of reach of all predators. Burrow depth increases with body slze, levelling off at ca 15 cm, when the depth refuge is reached. Worms live at greater depths in sand than In mud, but this effect disappears if worms with...

the Kronecker sum of DD with itself, a total of d times. Using a standard fact about Kronecker sums, if ρ1, . . . , ρN denote the eigenvalues of DD then ρi1 + ρi2 + · · ·+ ρid , i1, . . . , id ∈ {1, . . . , N}, are the eigenvalues of (∆̃) ∆̃. By counting the multiplicity of the zero eigenvalue, we arrive at a nullity for ∆̃ of (k + 1). One can now directly check that each of the polynomials specif...

Food products account for a significant amount of the Iranian imports. Despite the rising prices of food products over the last two decades, their imports have been increasing too. In this study import demand of the main imported food products is empirically analyzed using Quadratic AIDS. Welfare impacts are measured using compensated variation. The results indicate that all products, except te...

In this paper, we develop a bivariate unobserved components model for inflation and unemployment. The unobserved components are trend inflation and the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). Our model also incorporates a time-varying Phillips curve and time-varying inflation persistence. What sets this paper apart from the existing literature is that we do not use unbounded ra...

One of the principal factors that have reduced grizzly bear populations has been the creation of human access into grizzly bear habitat by roads built for resource extraction. Past studies have documented mortality and distributional changes of bears relative to roads but none have attempted to estimate the direct demographic impact of roads in terms of both survival rates, reproductive rates, ...

Thermal rearrangement of 7,7-dichloro-[a,c]-dibenzo-[4,1,0]-bicycloheptane (1) to 5,6-dichloro-5Hdibenzo-[a,c]-cycloheptene (2) was studied in the solid phase and in solvents with different polarities. Thefirst-order constants at various temperatures for the rearrangement process were evaluated from theabsorption time data. The activation parameters for this rearrangement were obtained from the...

Fish larvae experience major cellular and biochemical changes during their early life stages.The aim of the present study was to evaluate alterations in the antioxidant status and values oflipid peroxidation and vitamin C content during the different life developmental stages ofHypophthalmichthys molitrix. Eggs and larvae were sampled at fertilization, organogenesis,eyed egg, hatch, active feed...

Accident prediction models (APMs) are very useful tools for estimating the expected number of accidents on entities such as intersections and road sections. These estimates are typically used in the identification of sites for possible safety treatment and in the evaluation of such treatments. An APM is, in essence, a mathematical equation that expresses the average accident frequency of a site...