Now, more than ever before, pharmacologists are contributing medical advances to confront ravaging disease. They are developing drugs to mitigate the effects of Alzheimer’s, HIV, multiple sclerosis, and various forms of cancer. To capitalize on the opportunity, brand-name pharmaceutical firms are patenting these drugs, consequently guarding formulas and, with it, profits. Patents grant brand...

export is an important factor in economic development and the creation of regional agreements is one of the ways to facilitate trade and exports; but measuring the success rate of these agreements is one of the challenges of this field. in this study, we compared the factors affecting agricultural exports and imports in the eco and european :union: countries. the purpose of this study was to as...

Examination of the trade-off between mean performance and adverse impact has received empirical attention for single-stage selection strategies; however, research for multistage selection strategies is almost nonexistent. The authors used Monte Carlo simulation to explore the trade-off between expected mean performance and minority hiring in multistage selection strategies and to identify those...

This paper tries to analyze effects of trade and financial liberalizations on the Iran’s government size during both long-run and short- run. Accordingly, a specification of the auto regression with distributed lag (ARDL) has been used for investigating the long run relationships between variables, and a vector correction model (VECM) has examined dynamically the short-run relationships betwe...

Theoretical models indicate that trade-offs between growth and survival strategies of tree species can lead to coexistence across life history stages (ontogeny) and physical conditions experienced by individuals. There exist predicted physiological mechanisms regulating these trade-offs, such as an investment in leaf characters that may increase survival in stressful environments at the expense...

The study aims to estimate an international reserves demand model for China using economic growth, propensity to import, real effective exchange rate and trade openness variables for quarterly period spanning from 1985Q1 to 2014Q4.The bounds testing technique to cointegration is used to test for a long run relationship, while the autoregressive distributed lag approach is used to estimate short...

abstract the present research accomplished to determination of the trade liberalization effects on import function of iran’s wheat crop using time series data from 1357 to 1387 that earn from sources such as agricultural and aerology statistics annual letter, customhouse and iran central bank website.in this investigation, at first, wheat liberalization index was measured by using level of inte...