Contextuality is a central property in comparative analysis of classical, quantum, and supercorrelated systems. We examine and compare two well-motivated approaches to contextuality. One approach (“contextuality-by-default”) is based on the idea that one and the same physical property measured under different conditions (contexts) is represented by different random variables. The other approach...

Interpolation is an important property of classical and many non classical logics that has been shown to have interesting applications in computer science and AI. Here we study the Interpolation Property for the propositional version of the non-monotonic system of equilibrium logic, establishing weaker or stronger forms of interpolation depending on the precise interpretation of the inference r...

The self-concordant-like property of a smooth convex function is a new analytical structure that generalizes the self-concordant notion. While a wide variety of important applications feature the selfconcordant-like property, this concept has heretofore remained unexploited in convex optimization. To this end, we develop a variable metric framework of minimizing the sum of a “simple” convex fun...

An uncertain random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to the set of uncertain variables. In this paper, subadditivity property of chance measure and some inequalities on expected value for uncertain random variables including Jensen’s Inequality, Liapunov Inequality and cp Inequality are proved. Based on these inequalities, linear property and other properties of conver...

We show that there is a restriction, or modification of the finite-variable fragments of First Order Logic in which a weak form of Craig’s Interpolation Theorem holds but a strong form of this theorem does not hold. Translating these results into Algebraic Logic we obtain a finitely axiomatizable subvariety of finite dimensional Representable Cylindric Algebras that has the Strong Amalgamation ...

Abstract A logic L has the ‘variable-sharing property’ (VSP) if in all L-theorems of form $A\rightarrow B$, $A$ and $B$ share at least a propositional variable. ‘Ackermann (AP) (B\rightarrow C)$, contains conditional connective ($\rightarrow $). Anderson Belnap consider VSP necessary property any relevant logic, both AP properties (relevant) entailment logic. Now, among logicians, Brady’s BN4 i...

Any present day approach of the world’s most pressing environmental problems involves both scale and governance issues. After all, current local events might have long-term global consequences (the scale issue) and solving complex environmental problems requires policy makers to think and govern beyond generally used time-space scales (the governance issue). To an increasing extent, the various...

We present a sequent calculus that allows to abstract over a type variable. The introduction of the abstraction on the right-hand side of a sequent corresponds to the universal quantification; whereas, the introduction of the abstraction on the lefthand side of a sequent corresponds to the existential quantification. The calculus provides a correspondence with second-order classical proposition...

This paper presents a parametric, two-dimensional random field with Markov properties and variable structure that is useful for statistically modeling ensembles of images and for generating pseudo-random images with desired stochastic and visual properties. The Variable Structure Random Field (VSRF) model has six parameters which provide a high degree of control over the random field statistics...