Four different strategies of pulping and bleaching were carried out to develop alternative mechanistic ecoenvironmental friendly approaches and generated effluent was characterised. Strategy-I included Phanerochaete sp. fungal pretreatment followed by conventional bleaching, whereas in strategy-II, fungal pretreatment was followed by enzyme xylanase aided bleaching. Strategy-III also included x...

OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective and biodegradable dispersant of spilled oil in water surrounding two Persian Gulf provinces. METHODS This study compared the effects of three dispersants, Pars 1, Pars 2, and Gamlen OD4000 on removal of oil in two Persian Gulf provinces' water. Overall, 16 stations were selected. Using the Well method, the growth rate of isolated bacteria and fungi wa...

This paper analyses the empirical demand data for fast moving consumer goods to measure the Bullwhip-effect. The data consist of the sell-in from a large manufacturer to the retailers and the sellout from a retailer to the consumers. Our findings show that the Bullwhip-effect can be substantial. Indeed, in more than 50% of the cases, the demand upstream (sell-in) is twice as variable as the dem...

In this paper, we consider an adaptive base-stock policy for a single-item inventory system, where the demand process is nonstationary. In particular, the demand process is an integrated moving average process of order (0, 1, 1), for which an exponential-weighted moving average provides the optimal forecast. For the assumed control policy we characterize the inventory random variable and use th...