Recent DNA sequencing data have shown that J. flaccida var. flaccida, J. f. var. martinezii and J. f. var. poblana are polyphyletic taxa. Additional analysis using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) analyses for J. durangensis, J. flaccida var. flaccida, var. martinezii, and var. poblana, J. jaliscana, J. monticola and J. standleyi revealed exactly the same pattern of relationships as se...

VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESSES WITH COMMON CYCLES MASSIMO FRANCHI & PAOLO PARUOLO JANUARY 7, 2009 Abstract. We give necessary and su cient conditions on the autoregressive polynomial for the existence of (possibly polynomial-) serial correlation common features as well as for other forms of common cycles. We characterize the resulting moving average representations. These conditions allow to d...

Ait-Sahalia and Lo (2000) and Panigirtzoglou and Skiadopoulos (2004) have argued that Economic VaR (E-VaR), calculated under the option market implied risk neutral density is a more relevant measure of risk than historically based VaR. As industry practice requires VaR at high confidence level of 99%, we propose Extreme Economic Value at Risk (EE-VaR) as a new risk measure, based on the General...

Bromus setifolius var. pictus (Hook) Skottsb., B. setifolius var. setifolius Presl. and B.setifolius var. brevifolius Ness are three native Patagonian taxa in the section Pnigma Dumort of the genus Bromus L. AFLP and RAPD analysis, in conjunction with genetic distance measurements and statistical techniques, revealed variation within this group and indicated that B. setifolius var. brevifolius ...

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast ubiquitous in nature which, when it infects humans, typically causes pulmonary disease and occasionally meningitis [1]. Serotyping of the organism has identified 3 main varieties: C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C) [2]. Serotypes A and D have been is...

Plasmodium falciparum is unique among human malarias in its ability to sequester in post-capillary venules of host organs. The main variant antigens implicated are the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), which can be divided into three major groups (A-C). Our study was a unique examination of sequestered populations of parasites for genetic background and expression of PfEMP1...

Eight cultures were examined with an electron microscope by observation of whole spores and preshadowed carbon replicas of spore surfaces. Wholespore preparations were observed and photographed at 5,000 X. Carbon replicas of spore surfaces were photographed at 10,000 X. Cultures were grown on six selected media and were photographed in color after 7 days of growth. These conditions and procedur...

A simple method for indoor and outdoor cultivation of Mesocyclops aspericornis, Macrocyclops albidus and Mesocyclops n. sp. copepods is presented. This method utilizes Chilomonas sp., Paramecium caudatum and fresh lettuce as food sources for copepod cultures. Steps for initiating and maintaining copepod cultures are provided.

Consider a vector autoregressive (VAR) model of order d: xt = A1xt−1 + . . .+Adxt−d + t, t = 0,±1,±2, . . . , (1) where xt ∈ R is a random vector, Ai ∈ Rp×p, i = 1, . . . , d are fixed coefficient matrices and t is a vector of zero-mean white noise, i.e., E( t) = 0, E( t t ) = Σ and E( t T t+h) = 0, for h 6= 0. We assume that the noise covariance matrix Σ is positive definite with bounded large...