Vocabulary learning is central to reading ability and academic achievement. Vocabulary researchers and educators have viewed its essence as a process of associating the pronunciations and meanings of words in memory, and they have paid little attention to the contribution that spellings might make to vocabulary learning. We review theory and evidence showing that this is a serious oversight. On...

Phonologists and psycholinguists draw a three-way distinction amongst real words, possible words, and impossible words.The distinction between real words and possible words provides the foundation for lexical decision experiments. The distinction between possible words and impossible words reveals implicit cognitive generalizations about words in a language, and thereby contributes to the under...

Paired behavioral and ERP measures were used to track change over time in 17 third- fourth-grade struggling readers. Word nonword reading on standardized tests improved, but differentiation of words letter strings, measured by N170 N400 amplitude, did not significantly change. Sound awareness scores the rhyming effect Both digit span latency P300 oddball decreased. Correlations between ostensib...

existence of words and concepts of basic sciences including mathematics, geology, biology, chemistry and physics in the poetry causes many form and conceptual rises and falls for which further investigation and criticism are necessary. science always accompanies with accuracy and science introduction  into poetic and literary  area will also involve it in accuracy and give it more depth. someti...

al-sâmi fi al-asâmi is one of the important and authentic arabic-to-persian dictionaries, and has been used by many of the subsequent lexicographers. in this dictionary the subjects are first classified and then divided to some chapters. the author has gathered some arabic words in each chapter and has given their persian equals. in this article the dialectal and old words of this dictionary ar...

Phonological similarity is observed to detrimentally affect serial recall when correctin-position scoring is used. Two experiments investigated the role of item and position accuracy scoring of rhyming, similar non-rhyming, and dissimilar lists under immediate recall conditions; articulatory suppression; or a filled delay. In general, rhyme lists produced the best item recall but position accur...

A fundamental principle within human memory research is the idea that repetition (i.e. multiple presentations of a stimulus) and testing (i.e. preliminary recall tasks) both improve recall performance. However, recent evidence suggests that in certain conditions repetition and testing can actually decrease item recall (Peterson, 2011). This study sought to determine whether these negative effec...

Developmental differences in the neurocognitive networks for phonological and semantic processing in Chinese word reading were examined in 13 adults and 13 children using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Rhyming and semantic association judgments were made to two-character words that were presented sequentially in the visual modality. These lexical tasks were compared with a nonlin...