INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term holistic outcomes for children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in North Carolina using a multidisciplinary, mixed-methods approach. This entailed crosssectional evaluation of population-based data, longitudinal evaluation of clinical, and qualitative/semi-quantitative survey-based evaluation of outcomes from the perspective o...

background the critical role that the board plays in governance of universities clarifies the necessity of evaluating its performance. this study was aimed to evaluate the performance of the boards of medical universities and provide solutions to enhance its performance.   methods the first phase of present study was a qualitative research in which data were collected through face-to-face semi-...

A model of the design process is developed in two stages, corresponding to the task environment of design and the activity of posing and solving design problems. Use of the model with top-down and bottom-up disciplines is discussed. Ah example of the design of an object using a semi-'automated design system based on the model is presented. Several issues raised by the model's qualitative aspect...

Editors have a responsibility to retract seriously flawed articles from their journals. However, there appears to be little consistency in journals' policies or procedures for this. In a qualitative study, we therefore interviewed editors of science journals using semi-structured interviews to investigate their experience of retracting articles. We identified potential barriers to retraction, d...

conclusions our findings showed that, through seeking information, patients try to achieve well-being and realize their personal rights as well as their right to security. they should also be encouraged to enhance their quality of life by using the knowles’ learning theory to formulate their needs and learning priorities. results during the analysis process, three main themes were extracted tha...

We present a direct measurement of velocity distributions in two dimensions by using an absorption imaging technique in a 3D near resonant optical lattice. The results show a clear difference in the velocity distributions for the different directions. The experimental results are compared with a numerical 3D semi-classical Monte-Carlo simulation. The numerical simulations are in good qualitativ...

tourism as a growing industry needs special attention in developing countries. during last decades, nature based tourism has been growing faster than other tourism fields and it seems to grow even faster. ever growing demand for nature based tourism emphasizes the necessity of a holistic planning for preserving environment against degradation. objective of this study is to present a nature base...