PURPOSE To investigate monthly and seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET). METHODS An ethnically diverse cohort of 469 myopic 6- to <12 year-old children was randomized to single vision or progressive addition lenses and followed for 3 years with 98.5% retention. Progression of myopia was measured semiannually...

Applications and curricula of decision analysis currently do not include methods to compute Bayes’ rule and obtain posteriors for non-conjugate prior distributions. The current convention is to force the decision maker’s belief to take the form of a conjugate distribution, leading to a suboptimal decision. BUGS software, which uses MCMCmethods, is numerically capable of obtaining posteriors for...

Presented in this article, aimed at both the virologists and non-virologists among the readers, are the dark episodes of virology. These anecdotes overshadow, in comparison, the effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb explosions, both in impact and magnitude. Needless-tosay, the episodes listed here involve viruses and may represent re-recording of largest outbreaks of some viral infectio...

Strict environmental restrictions force the aquaculture industry to guarantee optimal water quality for fish production in a sustainable manner. The implementation of anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) in biofilters would result in the conversion of both ammonium and nitrite (both toxic to aquatic animals) into harmless dinitrogen gas. Both marine and freshwater aquaculture systems contain ...

The cases are reported of three off road cyclists with isolated soft tissue injuries to the right lower leg, caused by the chain ring as they struggled to release their feet from clipless pedals. Correct adjustment of the pedals to facilitate quick release of the feet is required to prevent such injuries.

A draft genome sequence of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacterium, "Candidatus Brocadia sinica," was determined by pyrosequencing and by screening a fosmid library. A 4.07-Mb genome sequence comprising 3 contigs was assembled, in which 3,912 gene-coding regions, 47 tRNAs, and a single rrn operon were annotated.

A quick and simple protocol for long-term cryopreservation of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (anammox bacteria) was developed. After 29 weeks of preservation at -80°C, activity recovery for all tested cultures under at least one of the applied sets of preservation conditions was observed. Growth recovery was also demonstrated for a single-cell culture of "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartien...

The application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is often limited by the slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria. As the essential substrate element that required for culturing Anammox sludge, Fe (II) is expected to affect Anammox bacterial growth. This work systematically studied the effects of Fe (II) addition on Anammox activity based on the kinetic analysis of specific growth ...

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In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) equipped with sludge digestion and dewatering systems, the reject water originating from these facilities contributes significantly to the nitrogen load of the activated sludge tanks, to which it is typically recycled. In this paper, the impact of reject water streams on the performance of a WWTP is assessed in a simulation study, using the Benchmark Simul...