BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that more opportunities exist for tax avoidance when cigarette excise tax structure departs from a uniform specific structure. However, the association between tax structure and cigarette price variability has not been thoroughly studied in the existing literature. OBJECTIVE To examine how cigarette tax structure is associated with price variability. The v...

Current health inequities research templates are flawed and self-defeating because they do not include historical inequalities as the central context that points to the root causes of health inequities. The context includes structural malformations which are products of the history of colonization and slavery that created racial separation and hierarchies which established Whites as the dominan...

Achieving a tobacco-free military requires rethinking current perceptions of service members' tobacco use and unmasking the forces perpetuating those perceptions. Prohibiting tobacco use would be entirely consistent with other military requirements regarding health.

This study aimed to observe the effect of sexual experience on the social representation of sex in Portuguese young adults. According to social representation theory, the central core of the social representation should be the same in all individuals that share a common social ground, however differences should be found in the peripheral system. It was used a free evocation task to assess the s...

To encourage retention in nursing administration while building leadership capacity, efforts must be made to support the manager's practice and professional development. Functions and duties of the nurse manager need to be simplified and supplemental development materials need to be readily available. Innovations that organize necessary document templates and ease access to materials that enhan...

INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of excise tax increases as a tool for reducing tobacco consumption depends largely on how the tax increases impact the retail price. We estimate this relationship in South Africa for 2001-2015. DATA Statistics South Africa provided disaggregated cigarette price data, used in the calculation of the Consumers' Price Index. Data on the excise tax per cigarette were...

Objective: To estimate cigarette demand and to simulate a tax policy targeted to reduce tobacco consumption. Materials and methods: Demand was estimated using a vector error correction model. Simulation exercises present the impact of a tax increase on consumption and revenues. Results: Changes in real income and the real price of cigarettes affect the demand for cigarettes in Argentina. Th...

Computationally predicted three-dimensional structure of protein molecules has demonstrated the usefulness in many areas of biomedicine, ranging from approximate family assignments to precise drug screening. For nearly 40 years, however, the accuracy of the predicted models has been dictated by the availability of close structural templates. Progress has recently been achieved in refining low-r...