Bacterial reproductive tract infections are associated with significant time and monetary loss in the equine breeding industry, with an estimated at 25 to 60% of barren mares. Treatment and resolution of mare urogenital infection involves consideration of the systemic health of the mare, correction of urogenital anatomic defects, and enhancement of uterine clearance in non-pregnant mares, ident...

We describe the cloning, expression pattern, and genomic organization of Lbx2, a murine homologue of the Drosophila and mammalian ladybird genes. Lbx2 includes a homeodomain motif most closely related to those of Lbx1 and the Drosophila ladybird proteins. Lbx2 transcripts are first detected at E10.5 when they are located in the gonadal component of the urogenital ridge. Expression of Lbx2 drama...

To understand better the factors that contribute to diagnostic errors in urogenital pathology units, as part of our ongoing research into urogenital cancers, from a consecutive series of 6304 histologic reports for the years 2003 to 2006 we selected for review those containing more than one evident error. We reviewed 1746 urogenital histopathologic diagnoses, 1459 (83.56%) referred to biopsies ...

Introduction Trauma is a leading cause of death in children in developed countries.1,2 In Africa, as in many developing countries where malnutrition and infectious diseases are leading causes of death in children, trauma may not be encountered as often by the surgeon. As developing countries improve the general health care of children with better nutrition and control of infectious disease vect...

Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy for human urogenital imaging has the potential to diagnose many important diseases, such as endometrial and prostate cancers. We have specifically developed a 12.7 mm diameter, rigid, side-scanning PA endoscopic probe for such applications. The key features of this endoscope are the streamlined structure for smooth cavity introduction and the proximal actuation mech...