Because of the logistic complexity, excessive respondent burden, and high cost of conducting 24-h urine collections in a national survey, alternative strategies to monitor sodium intake at the population level need to be evaluated. We conducted a calibration study to assess the ability to characterize sodium intake from timed-spot urine samples calibrated to a 24-h urine collection. In this rep...

Following spaceflight, changes in renal function of humans have been suggested. To assess the effects of readaptation on renal function, urine was collected from male rats (∼245 g) over a 2-wk period following a 14-day spaceflight. Rats were assigned to three groups: flight animals ( n = 6), flight controls ( n = 6) housed in the flight cages on the ground, and vivarium controls ( n = 5) housed...

High dietary Na intake is associated with multiple health risks, making accurate assessment of population dietary Na intake critical. In the present study, reporting accuracy of dietary Na intake was evaluated by 24 h urinary Na excretion using the EPIC-Soft 24 h dietary recall (24-HDR). Participants from a subsample of the European Food Consumption Validation study (n 365; countries: Belgium, ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the usefulness of urine sodium (Na) excretion in spot or timed urine samples to estimate population dietary Na intake relative to the gold standard of 24-hour (h) urinary Na. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted of MEDLINE (from 1950) and EMBASE (from 1980) as well as the Cochrane Library using the terms "sodium," "salt," and "urine." Full publications of...

The effect of strenuous muscular exercise on the body has been studied extensively. The responses of many of the mechanisms which take part in attempting to furnish oxygen and fuel and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products have been analyzed in considerable detail. Studies on the respiratory exchange, the blood, and the urine have contributed much toward furnishing us with a detaile...

Free norepinephrine and epinephrine were measured in two consecutive 12-hour urine collections gathered during normal activity and sleep from 23 panic-anxiety patients and 9 normal subjects. Mitral value prolapse (MVP) was found in 7 of 20 patients who had echocardiograms. Mean nighttime norepinephrine and epinephrine excretion in panic-anxiety patients without MVP was significantly higher than...

INTRODUCTION The urine output criterion of 0.5 ml/kg/hour for 6 hours for acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been prospectively validated. Urine output criteria for AKI (AKIUO) as predictors of in-hospital mortality or dialysis need were compared. METHODS All admissions to a general ICU were prospectively screened for 12 months and hourly urine output analysed in collection intervals between 1...

Previous investigations examining techniques to estimate sodium intake in free-living persons failed to consider a varying intake or were not conducted under circumstances in which the intake was actually known. To examine the utility of 24-hour and nocturnal urine collections as estimation of sodium intake under such conditions, we studied 43 white and black men and women ingesting a known sod...

OBJECTIVE In short-term feeding trials, replacement of other macronutrients with monounsaturated fatty acid reduces blood pressure. However, observational studies have not clearly demonstrated a relationship between monounsaturated fatty acid intake and blood pressure. We report associations of monounsaturated fatty acid intake of individuals with blood pressure in a cross-sectional study. ME...

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection diagnosis is based on urine culture, taken from a midstream collection. Obtaining samples in this manner is difficult in elderly patients suffering from incontinence and in infants. OBJECTIVES (1) Develop a method for urine collection using gel-based diapers and (2) compare culture results from gel-based diapers with those of the same urine, examined by acce...