Urine contains compounds that modulate the nucleation, growth and aggregation of crystals as well as their attachment to renal epithelial cells. These compounds may function to protect the kidneys against: 1, the possibility of crystallization in tubular fluid and urine, which are generally metastable with respect to calcium salts, 2, crystal retention within the kidneys thereby preventing ston...

The high success rates of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and endourological techniques, together with their ease of use, in the treatment of urinary stones often overshadow the importance of the metabolic component of stone disease. It is my opinion that the prevention of further stones complements management of the acute episode. This review summarizes a variety of approaches to the meas...

Urinary lithiasis is a common disease, prevalence rates vary from 1% to 20%, according to gender, dietary, ethnic, the geographical, and genetic factors [1]. Urinary Stone recurrence rates around the 50% at ten years. Each year in the United States, people make more than a million visits to health care providers and more than 300,000 people go to emergency rooms for kidney stone problems [2]. T...

Objective: The incidence and prevalence of kidney stone is increasing worldwide. After the first recurrence the risk of subsequent relapses is higher and the time period between relapses is shortened. Urinary stones can be severely painful and make a huge economic burden. The stone disease may increase the vulnerability of patients to other diseases such as renal failure. Medicinal herbs are ri...

The formation of various types of kidney stones is strongly influenced by urinary pH. An alkaline pH favors the crystallization of calcium- and phosphate-containing stones, whereas and acidic urine pH promotes uric acid or cystine stones. The activity of many transport processes involved in calcium, citrate and phosphate handling are sensitive to changes in systemic or local pH as shown for sev...

It is extremely rare that the urinary bladder stones cause vesicorectal fistulas. Urinary tract infection and poor fluid intake are the main etiologies that precipitate vesical stone formation, and subsequent rectovesical fistula. We present a complicated case of neglected vesical stone, which recurred 3 times. The patient presented with passage of urine per rectum leading to fecal incontinence...

INTRODUCTION Nephrocalcin (NC) is a glycoprotein produced in the kidney and inhibits calcium oxalate crystal formation. It has been separated into 4 isoforms (A, B, C, and D) and found that (A + B) are more abundant than (C + D) in urine of healthy subjects, but the reverse is seen in human urine of kidney stone patients. To further examine the role of this protein in inhibition of urinary crys...

Journal homepage: http://www.pediatricurologycasereports.com A child with a large bladder stone: A case report Hulya Ozturk, Emine Dagistan, Ugur Uyeturk Abstract Bladder stones account for approximately 5% of all urinary system stones and are prevalent among children living in poor or rural regions. The symptoms and findings in children with bladder stones are usually urgency, frequency, incon...

It has been speculated that calcium supplement in subjects with low oxalate intake might increase the risk of calcium stone formation due to an increase in calcium absorption without a significant reduction in oxalate absorption. There have been no human studies addressing specifically the effects of taking calcium supplements in populations whose dietary oxalate is low. This study was conducte...

Formation of urinary stone is a serious and debilitating problem throughout the world. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of root of Rotula aquatica was investigated against struvite crystals (one of the components of urinary stone) grown in vitro using single diffusion gel growth technique. For setting the gel, sodium metasilicate solution (specific gravity 1.05) an...