The rapid urbanization has exerted tremendous pressure on natural systems in mountains. As a measure of sustainable use of natural resources, ecological footprint is an important basis for judging whether the development of a country or region is within the biocapacity. Taking Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture as an example, this study comprehensively analyzes the impact of human activities on mou...

Whether a city develops toward a more compact or sprawling one may affect many aspects of urban environment, such as public and ecosystem health, greenhouse gas emissions, and quality of life. Using longitudinal data of Chinese cities during 2000-2010, we investigate the relationship between the compactness of urban growth, measured by average population density and several important indicators...

BACKGROUND We sought to demonstrate that the relationship between urban or rural residence and overweight status among women in Sub-Saharan Africa is complex and confounded by wealth status. METHODS We applied multilevel logistic regression to data from 30 sub-Saharan African countries which were collected between 2006 and 2012 to examine the association between women's overweight status (bod...

the ecological footprint is a useful tool that we can use it to inform the public about the pressure on ecology and the environment. also, by measuring it, policymakers can design and implement the necessary programs to help reduce that pressure. in order to measure the potential impact of future activities and policies of development programs on the environment, it is necessary to study the sh...

Rwanda: Primary energy supply is dominated by biomass resources in Rwanda. Wood supplies about 57 percent directly and wood for charcoal 23 percent, while agricultural residues and peat provide 6 percent and petroleum products 11 percent. Only 5 percent of the country’s population are connected to the electricity grid, with 3 percent of these being in the rural areas and 25 percent in the urban...

We use the Vietnam Living Standards Surveys from 1993 and 1998 to examine inequality in welfare between urban and rural areas in Vietnam. Real per capita household consumption expenditure (RPCE) is our measure of welfare. We apply a quantile regression decomposition technique to analyze the difference between the urban and rural distributions of log RPCE. In the earlier survey, the urban-rural ...

This study examines causal link between energy use and economic growth for five South Asian countries over period 1971-2006. Panel cointegration, ECM and FMOLS are applied for short and long run estimates. In short run unidirectional causality from per capita GDP to per capita energy consumption is found, but not vice versa. In long run one percent increase in per capita energy consumption tend...

Bhutan lacks the solid waste data which are essential parameters for planning and scheduling of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. The first ever large-scale research survey on solid waste generation and characterization in the urban areas of Bhutan was conducted between November 2007 and January 2008 using the method of waste sampling at source. The MSW generation rates in the ur...

this research is aimed at developing a model for measuring and comparison amount of supply and demand for different urban services from quality of life and equity perspectives, in urban built-up areas. this paper explains different steps of implementing the model as a tool for evaluating accessibility of residents to various services according to two main criteria: land per capita and distance ...