The slum is not only a manifestation of mismanaged urban planning in the countries of the South. The existence of slums worldwide is also a sign that the slum is a crucial element of contemporary urbanisation. This article will attempt to define this phenomenon and understand its causes. Adequate policy responses are then suggested. Without finding appropriate solutions to the housing problems ...

One extremely optimistic view is from a book by Robert Hill entitled "Southern California Geology and Los Angeles Earthquakes" publ ished by the Southern California Academy of Sciences in 1928. The following quote is from the book cover. "This book completely refutes the predict ion of Professor Bailey Willis that Los Angeles is about to be destroyed by earthquakes. It proves that this area is ...

As part of a longitudinal study of migrants who move from a subsistence farming rural society to Nairobi, blood pressures and associated factors were measured in cross sectional studies of members of the Luo tribe in their traditional rural environment and in the urban environment of Nairobi. Blood pressures in Nairobi correlated with duration of urban residence. In the rural area men showed a ...

Faced to the economic and energetic context of our society, it is widely recognised that an alternative to fossil fuels and oil-based products will be needed in the nearest future. In this way, development of urban biorefinery could bring many solutions to this problem. Study of the implementation of urban biorefinery highlights two sustainable configurations that provide solutions to the Wallo...

This paper investigates the efficiency of urban public transport systems in China by a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Based on the data from 652 China cities in 2004 and 2006, we find that the efficiency of overall urban public transport system is relatively low but with a sign of improvement from 2004 to 2006. The urban public transport systems in east coast, south coast and middle ...

In recent years, medical and health care consumption has risen, making health risk an important determinant of household spending and welfare. We aimed to examine the determinants of medical and health care expenditure to help policy-makers in the improvement of China's health care system, benefiting the country, society and every household. This paper employs panel data from China's provinces ...

Most of the global human population lives in urban areas where biogeochemical cycles are controlled by complex interactions between society and the environment. Urban ecology is an emerging discipline that seeks to understand these interactions, and one of the grand challenges for urban ecologists is to develop models that encompass the myriad influences of people on biogeochemistry. We suggest...

this research was an attempt to study reasons for creation of some of the important and sacred numbers and their reflection in architectural and urban spaces. this subject matter is important because significant and sacred numbers were used in design and construction of a number of historical spaces. the research objective was to discover some of the reasons for formation of important and sacre...