may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. 1 INTRODUCTION Development in rural-urban fringe communities is increasing with the potential to damage healthy ecosystems and endanger the long-term persistence of resident flora and fauna Environmental impacts of development include loss, degradat...

Urban and rural areas differ in economic, social and environmental terms. Due to the diverging dynamics in urban and rural areas, the social and economic distance between them might increase in the future even more. Rural entrepreneurs with linkages to urban areas are able to bridge the rural–urban divide by accessing some of the urban features, such as knowledge and markets, while at the same ...

Urban and rural places are integrated through economic ties and population flows. Despite their integration, most studies of road safety dichotomize urban and rural places, and studies have consistently demonstrated that rural places are more dangerous for motorists than urban places. Our study investigates whether these findings are sensitive to the definition of urban and rural. We use three ...

Reducing inequalities is a priority from a human rights perspective and in water and public health initiatives. There are periodic calls for differential national and global standards for rural and urban areas, often justified by the suggestion that, for a given water source type, safety is worse in urban areas. For instance, initially proposed post-2015 water targets included classifying urban...

BACKGROUND A large proportion of the 340,000 HIV-positive children in South Africa live in rural areas, yet there is little sub-Saharan data comparing rural paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme outcomes with urban facilities. We compared clinical, immunological and virological outcomes between children at seven rural and 37 urban facilities across four provinces in South Africa. ...

Tamborine Mountain is a 25 square kilometre plateau located within the urban-rural fringe of the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Renowned for its superb climate, spectacular views, lush farmland and subtropical rainforest, Tamborine Mountain offers a wide variety of nature-based tourism activities such as bushwalking, rainforest appreciation and wine tasting. This phenomenon requires the har...

In Lahore, Pakistan’s second largest city, high population growth rates, decades of rural-urban migration, and rampant land real-estate speculation have contributed to the rapid urbanization peri-urban engulfing pre-existing rural settlements. Lahore’s spatial transformation goes hand in with an increasingly complex urban governance framework. Historically shaped by colonial planning institutio...

China's current official official household survey has failed to effectively cover the rural-to-urban migrants, which overstates the income of urban residents and understates the income of rural residents, and then overstates the urban-rural income gap in China. Our survey shows that the urban household survey basically neither cover the migrant households (missing households), nor the migrant ...