Martilli’s urban parameterization scheme is improved and implemented in a mesoscale model in order to take into account the typical effects of a real city on the air temperature near the ground and on the surface exchange fluxes. The mesoscale model is run on a single column using atmospheric data and radiation recorded above roof level as forcing. Here, the authors validate Martilli’s urban bo...

As an emerging human-computer interaction (HCI) technology, recognition of human hand gesture is considered a very powerful means for human intention reading. To construct a system with a reliable and robust hand gesture recognition algorithm, it is necessary to resolve several major difficulties of hand gesture recognition, such as inter-person variation, intra-person variation, and false posi...

  There is a significant relationship between economic growth and the degree of urban concentration, as measured by primacy or the share of the largest city in an urban system. In accordance to urban economic theories, there is an inverse-U shape relationship between urban concentration –urban primacy- and economic growth. That is, as economy grows, urban concentration increases, approaches a...

The AERMET model is used to estimate hourly mixing heights during the Joint URBAN (2003) experiment in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. AERMET is a simple 2-D model that requires only routine meteorological observations and an early morning atmospheric sounding to estimate convective boundary layer (CBL) growth. Estimated mixing heights are compared with observed mixing heights measured during Joint UR...

in this study myer index was calculated for six groups of a sample of urban and rural population of iran, classified by population size. the data used were information collected on 146116 urban and 158124 rural populations, for estimation of death, birth and growth rates in iran. the results indicate: the range of the index varies between 23.14-68.06 for women and 28.41-69.62 for men (urban or ...

logistic regression (lr) was used to model urban growth between the years 1987 and 2001 in gorgan city, north east of iran. three groups of variables including economic-social, land use and biophysical variables were used in the modeling practice. using covariance of the independent variables, distance to administrative and sporting centers plus distance to cities were removed. roc (relative op...

urban settlements and their connectivity will be the dominant driver of global change during the twenty-first century. in an attempt to assess the effects of urban growth on available land for other uses and its associated impacts on environmental parameters, we modeled the change in the extent of gorgan city, the capital of the golestan province of iran. we used landsat tm and etm+ imagery of ...

Land use changes result from population growth and migration of poor rural people to urban areas for economic opportunities. Changes in land use directly influence the regional air quality, energy consumption and climate at global, regional and local scales. Controlled, coordinated and planned urbanization is a gift to the human society. However, unplanned urbanization can be a disaster. Urban ...

Urbanization is one of the great challenges of our time and unchecked haphazard urbanization is a serious threat both to the environment and social and economic balance. In order to meet global sustainability targets, rapid urban growth must be channelled into environmentally friendly, sustainable and liveable urban environments. Thus, this special issue focuses on sustainable urban design whic...

the shape of urban development and its impact on economic growth is one of the most important issues in urban economic literature. in accordance to the corresponding theory, economic growth and urban concentration have an inverse-u shape relation. the shape of urban development is related to how resources are spread out in existing cities of an urban system and investigated under the term of ur...