BACKGROUND Studies from high income countries (HIC) have generally shown higher osteoporotic fracture rates in urban areas than rural areas. Low bone mineral density (BMD) increases susceptibility to fractures. This review aimed to assess whether urbanicity is consistently associated with lower BMD globally. METHOD Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health (-April 2013) were searched for articl...

Over recent decades, the study of psychological restoration has attracted a considerable amount of interest within and without the boundaries of environmental psychology, with most of the work focused on analyzing restoration in natural contexts. However, little attention has been paid to the (possible) restorative potential of urban settings, as they have usually been expected not to be restor...

In this paper, we propose a framework to systematically analyze the structural form and thematic content of codes of ethics related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT codes of ethics). Then we apply this framework, within a sample of 30 organizations. Our purpose is to assess the organizational ethical positioning advocated by these ICT codes of ethics, using an adaptation of Kohl...

A key point in the CMD-problems is that the universe to be specified is not an example from a textbook but a piece of reality like a bank or an airport. In addition, the specification has to be somehow extracted from multiple, very informal and often hardly consistent descriptions provided by different people. Moreover, as the process of information system design is going on, and mutual underst...

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is the most widespread and economically important disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in tropical Africa. A disease of cassava was first described in East Africa in the nineteenth century (Warburg, 1894) and cassava mosaic, as it came to be called, was subsequently reported as spreading throughout the cassava-growing areas of Central and West Africa (Calve...

Evidence is presented to suggest that, in three dimensions, spherical 6-designs with N points exist for N = 24, 26, ≥ 28; 7-designs for N = 24, 30, 32, 34, ≥ 36; 8-designs for N = 36, 40, 42, ≥ 44; 9-designs for N = 48, 50, 52, ≥ 54; 10-designs for N = 60, 62, ≥ 64; 11-designs for N = 70, 72, ≥ 74; and 12-designs for N = 84, ≥ 86. The existence of some of these designs is established analytical...

Urban stormwater systems traditionally used “grey” infrastructure to manage runoff. Contemporary designs now incorporate “green” infrastructure, which offers additional potential benefits such as urban amenities and health. Understanding how green and grey infrastructure investments are distributed across urban areas is important for new goals of promoting environmental justice in planning. In ...

This text attempts to address deficits in the way ambient intelligence conceives of and designs for urban environments. It begins with an overview of issues surrounding ambient intelligence in the city, followed by critical voices and examples of alternative ambient intelligence systems. The text argues for the inclusion of pervasive sensing issues into urban planning, in particular to negotiat...