BACKGROUND Serum albumin concentrations are a strong predictor of mortality and cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. We studied the longitudinal associations between serum albumin levels and kidney function decline in a population of HIV-infected women. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Study participants were re...

the effects of omitting production subsidies from agricultural sector and the related industries in iran are explored in this paper. to simulate the effects of this policy, a computable general equilibrium (cge) model for iran economy was developed and the latest input- output table published in 2001 and the accompanying information regarding national accounts was used as database in the form o...

During the 1920s fundamental changes occurred in business institutions responsible for retail distribution. Most significantly, the large urban department store began a period of relative decline and new forms of retailing emerged as strong competitors for sales volume. This paper describes these developments and attempts to show their relationship to the changing structure of American cities a...

This study analyses the changes in prevalence of undernutrition between the 1980s and 1990s at the national and sub-national levels in India and focuses on the rural-urban comparisons. The study exploits the demographic information available in household surveys to derive a household-specific norm as the calorie cutoff point to measure undernutrition, instead of the single per capita norm used ...

In recent years, motorization has accelerated the expansion of urban sprawl and the decline of central city areas in many cities in Japan. In order to reverse this trend, the Government of Japan enacted the Downtown Revitalization Act in June 2007. To revitalize the city centers, it is very important to increase the attractiveness of urban space as a whole, rather than only introducing attracti...

Relative Concerns of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China As their environment changes, migrants constitute an interesting group to study the effect of relative income on subjective well-being. This paper focuses on the huge population of ruralto-urban migrants in China. Using a novel dataset, we find that the well-being of migrants depends on several reference groups: it is negatively affected by ...

Coastal urbanization is rapidly expanding worldwide while its impacts on seaweed communities remain poorly understood. We assessed the impact of urbanization along an extensive latitudinal gradient encompassing three phycogeographical regions in the SW Atlantic. Human population density, number of dwellings, and terrestrial vegetation cover were determined for each survey area and correlated wi...

Ethiopia's childhood mortality has continued to decline although at a swift pace. The drop in urban childhood mortality decline, duration of breastfeeding is the principle reason for the overall decline in mortality trends in Ethiopia. Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys 2000 and 2005 were used. Indirect estimation of Brass and Trussell's methods were adopted. Selected demogr...