abstract among activities that can be used to prevent piping phenomena and reduce seepage and exit gradient are installation of cutoff wall and drain under hydraulic structures. hence in this study, to investigating the influence of each mentioned parameter on uplift force and exit gradient a computer model has developed in which general equation of fluid flow into the isotropic and anisotropic...

This study measures the uplift rates of a flight of marine terraces along the Glenafric coastal region of the South Island of New Zealand, which will provide a context for how local fold growth in the North Canterbury fold and thrust belt (NCFTB) contributes to local uplift rates. Several methods were used to measure uplift rate of the marine terraces: 1) collecting shell samples for AAR dating...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: bedrock fractures threshold slopes landslides landscape evolution erosion Bedrock fracturing and rock strength are widely believed to influence landscape morphology and erosional resistance. Yet, understanding of the quantitative relationship between rock-mass strength and landscape evolution remains limited. Here we present a new application of seismic refractio...

The surface uplift of mountain belts is generally assumed to reflect progressive shortening and crustal thickening, leading to their gradual rise. Recent studies of the Andes indicate that their elevation remained relatively stable for long periods (tens of millions of years), separated by rapid (1 to 4 million years) changes of 1.5 kilometers or more. Periodic punctuated surface uplift of moun...

12 The impact of the Tibetan Plateau uplift on the Asian monsoons and inland arid climates is an 13 important but also controversial question in studies of paleoenvironmental change during the 14 Cenozoic. In order to achieve a good understanding of the background for the formation of the 15 Asian monsoons and arid environments, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the 16 distribution...

I n their Comment on our study (1), Zeitler et al. (2) imply that we interpreted our findings to question the possible existence of feedbacks between surface and tectonic processes, which is not the case. We therefore appreciate the opportunity to clarify potentialmisunderstandings. Zeitler et al. (2) suggest that the oldest sediments at the base of the valley fill could be 3 to 4 million years...

[1] Numerical landscape evolution models driven by uniform vertical uplift often develop a static drainage network and a precise balance between uplift and erosion. Small-scale physical models of uplifting drainage basins, however, continually reorganize by ridge migration and do not reach an ideal steady state. Here I show that the presence or absence of persistent drainage migration in a bedr...

The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of debate. We review the geologic and phylogenetic evidence from Amazonia and compare it with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian landscape ...

The uplift of the raft foundation of reinforced concrete buildings, and the consequent partial loss of contact between soil and foundation, is a possible effect of an earthquake. Actually, reinforced concrete buildings with raft foundation are commonly used in nuclear power plants. In this context, some simplified approaches for uplift evaluation have been proposed in the past and are still use...

Feed accounts for 60 to 70% of broiler production costs . Thus, improvement in feed efficiency is needed. Ileal digestibility (ID) and total-tract amino acid (AA) utilization are the parameter used to evaluate feed ingredients . However, ID of AA can be affected, for example, by gut inflammation as a result of a coccidial vaccine challenge. Adedokun et al. (2014) showed significantly high ileal...