The speed of the initial 30 m of an all-out run from a stationary start on a flat track was determined for 12 medium level male sprinters by means of a radar device. The peak speed of 9.46+/-0.19 m s(-1) (mean +/- s.d.) was attained after about 5 s, the highest forward acceleration (a(f)), attained immediately after the start, amounting to 6.42+/-0.61 m s(-2). During acceleration, the runner's ...

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of overtraining (OT) on insulin, inflammatory and gluconeogenesis signaling pathways in the livers of mice. Rodents were divided into control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR). Rotarod, incremental load, exhaustive and grip force tests w...

The aerobic energy cost (delta VO2) of running at different speeds (V) with and against a range of wind velocities (WV) has been studied in a wind tunnel on three healthy male subjects and the results compared with downhill and uphill gradient running on a motor-driven treadmill. In terms of equivalent horizontal and vertical forces, comparison showed that the two forms of exercise were physiol...

Tendinopathy is often discovered late because the initial development of tendon pathology is asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to examine the potential role of mast cell involvement in early tendinopathy using a high-intensity uphill running (HIUR) exercise model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: running group (n = 12); sedentary control group (n = 12). The running...

Kano, Yutaka, Danielle Padilla, K. Sue Hageman, David C. Poole, and Timothy I. Musch. Downhill running: a model of exercise hyperemia in the rat spinotrapezius muscle. J Appl Physiol 97: 1138–1142, 2004. First published May 7, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol. 00334.2004.—To utilize the rat spinotrapezius muscle as a model to investigate the microcirculatory consequences of exercise training, it is n...

Endurance exercise performance has been used as a representative index in experimental animal models in the field of health sciences, exercise physiology, comparative physiology, food function or nutritional physiology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Fatmax (the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation) as an additional index of endurance ex...

PURPOSE This study examined the effects of sprint running training on sloping surfaces (3 degrees) on selected kinematic and physiological variables. METHODS Fifty-four sport and physical education students were randomly allocated to one of two training groups (combined uphill-downhill [U+D] and horizontal (H)) and a control group (C). Pre- and posttraining tests were performed to examine the...

Differential diagnosis between peripheral and central spontaneous nystagmus can be difficult to classify (as peripheral or central) even on the basis of criteria recommended in the recent literature. The aim of this paper is to use the combination of spontaneous nystagmus and ocular tilt reaction to determine the site of origin of the disease that causes nystagmus. We propose to classify the ny...

We examined the effects of incline on locomotor performance and kinematics in two closely related species of iguanian lizards that co-occur in sandy desert habitats. Callisaurus draconoides differs from Uma scoparia of equal snout-vent length by being less massive and having greater limb and tail lengths. We analyzed high-speed video tapes of lizards sprinting from a standstill on a sand-covere...