This work introduces capacity limits for molecular timing (MT) channels, where information is modulated on the release timing of small information particles, and decoded from the time of arrival at the receiver. It is shown that the random time of arrival can be represented as an additive noise channel, and for the diffusion-based MT (DBMT) channel this noise is distributed according to the Lév...

Objective This study investigates some of the mechanisms, which may explain social inequalities in usage early childhood education and care (ECEC) by focusing on a recently born child cohort Germany, universal childcare regime. Background Research recognizes rational cost–benefit considerations as important for understanding educational decisions. Yet, given data limitations, we know relatively...

Post-silicon tuning is attracting a lot of attention for coping with increasing process variation. However, its tuning cost via testing is still a crucial problem. In this paper, we propose tuning-friendly body bias clustering with multiple bias voltages. The proposed method provides a small set of compensation levels so that the speed and leakage current vary monotonically according to the lev...

 This thesis is devoted to the development of timing recovery techniques for digital recording systems. The thesis begins with a detailed review and discussion of timing recovery structures, requirements, performance measures, timing error detector (TED) algorithms, and timing acquisition issues. The main contributions include five parts. The first part examines the timing sensitivity of read ...

In this paper we address the parallel timing simulation of synchronous VLSI designs on a network of workstations (NOWs). We suggest combining cycle based and conventional timing simulation techniques to achieve fast timing simulation even on NOWs which are typically characterized by low bandwidth and high communication latency. In particular we execute a timing simulator on each node of the NOW...

Relative timing (RT) is introduced as a method for asynchronous design. Timing requirements of a circuit are made explicit using relative timing. Timing can be directly added, removed, and optimized using this style. RT synthesis and verification are demonstrated on three example circuits, facilitating transformations from speed-independent circuits to burst-mode and pulse-mode circuits. Relati...

The Battery for the Assessment of Auditory Sensorimotor and Timing Abilities (BAASTA) is a new tool for the systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing skills. It spans a broad range of timing skills aimed at differentiating individual timing profiles. BAASTA consists of sensitive time perception and production tasks. Perceptual tasks include duration discrimination, anisochrony...

background and purpose: sleep disorders are a common problem in patients undergoing hemodialysis. poor sleep quality is considered as a potential predictor for mortality and reduced quality of life in these patients. this study aimed to evaluate subjective sleep quality in hemodialysis patients and its association with hemodialysis timing. methods: this descriptive-correlational study was condu...

in order to increase grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (nue) and nitrogen apparent recovery fraction (narf) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), this experiment was carried out with 5 or 6 treatments and 3 or 4 replications in 14 locations at 22 different sites in iran during the 2004-05 growing season. the experiment was designed as a completely randomized block. the effect of n sources and tim...

We present a unified technique for timing verification and performance analysis of complex asynchronous circuits designed with implicit timing assumptions. We model interacting asynchronous controllers and datapath elements using timing constraint graphs. Performance metrics and circuit timing constraints to be checked are formulated as time separations between appropriate events. Time separati...