Steryl esters are stored in intracellular lipid droplets from which they are mobilized upon demand and hydrolyzed to yield free sterols and fatty acids. The mechanisms that control steryl ester mobilization are not well understood. We have previously identified a family of three lipases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are required for efficient steryl ester hydrolysis, Yeh1, Yeh2, and Tgl1 (R....

The present study is aimed at studying the energy and environmental performance various engine loads (BMEP) with identical start of injection (SOI) for all fuel types. combustion parameters mixtures were analyzed using AVL BOOST software (BURN subroutine). Five different blends tested, consisting completely renewable raw materials based on hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) fatty acid methyl este...

The study is about measuring the unsaturated fatty acids, as well as, Omega acids by using GC/Mass in addition to HPLC extract and measure of some Iraqi local nurtures. Concentrated extracts linseed oil, sunflower butter, black seed, and, extracted oil Carp fish were measured. results are shown tables 6 7.Calcium, Potassium, Iron, Zinc, Magnesium rates into oils measured Atomic Absorption appar...

In this paper, natural sunflower seed oil was used as the raw material to extract mixed fatty acids with potassium hydroxide-methyl alcohol solution, and then benzene methanol were added for methylation reaction, finally saturated unsaturated acid methyl ester separated by urea encapsulation method. The optimal reaction temperature of extraction process, dosage ratio freezing in process explore...

The problem of microbial growth in fuels, especially biofuels, is a very important issue. Water necessity for to occur. Unfortunately, it hard exclude all water from fuel systems during daily operations, when biodiesel added the mix. aim this work was investigate impact ionizing radiation on selected properties fatty acids methyl esters order evaluate possibility using irradiation techniques st...

2-Aminodienes, in which the enamine function is incorporated in a five-, six-, or seven-membered ring, react with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in a sequence of [2+2] cycloaddition and electrocyclic ring-opening to form the two-carbon ring expanded unsaturated heterocycles, i.e., 3,4dicarboxylate substituted 6,7-dihydro-1H-azepines 3, 8 and 21, 1,6,7,8-tetrahydroazocines 22, and 6,7,8,9-tetra...

The rhodium-catalyzed, directed catalytic asymmetric hydroboration of γ,δ-unsaturated amides affords a direct route to chiral acyclic secondary γ-borylated carbonyl derivatives in high enantiomeric purity. In contrast to a similar β-borylated amide derivative, the γ-borylated amide undergoes Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with stereoretention. The utility of the boronic ester products is further...

A synthetic approach for the preparation of a new class of highly conjugated unnatural α-amino acids bearing a 5-arylpyrazole side-chain has been developed. Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of an aspartic acid derived β-keto phosphonate ester with a range of aromatic aldehydes gave β-aryl α,β-unsaturated ketones. Treatment of these with phenyl hydrazine followed by oxidation allowed the regiose...

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 1,1-diarylalkanes via the Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation reaction of electron-rich arenes with cinnamic acid ester derivatives or chalcones is reported. Iron triflate has been found to be the best catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This reaction afforded β,β-diaryl carbonyl compound...