Urban destruction in the 21st century has already turned out to be different from 20th experience. Aerial bombardment, which destroyed so many cities Europe and Asia during two world wars, was based on assumptions about how collapse, bringing down economies regimes with them, superiority of air power as means destruction. Both were flawed. In World War II, intended shorten a conflict; century, ...

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This paper evaluates the impacts of armed conflict on intimate partner violence against women in Africa. Exploiting both spatial and temporal variations number battles proxying for intensity, we find that residing conflict-affected areas are prone to suffering violence. In particular, a 1SD increase (equivalent by 4.8 battles) raises composite indices less severe violence, more emotional abuse,...

1 " …on moving to a quiet sector, a battalion of the 51 st division heard the Germans shout, 'We Saxons, you Anglo Saxons, don't shoot', and apparently all went well, for a few days later the Saxons, 'shouted…that Prussians were relieving them, and asked us to give them hell.' " (Ashworth, p.34) " When I hear the word culture I reach for my revolver. "-Hermann Goering " When I hear the word rev...

based on their own specific social requirements, all societies have made use of music on numerous and various occasions. music has played a role in a wide range of social activities, including at prestigious events such as governmental receptions, court ceremonies and martial music, as well as during national and religious celebrations. the aim of this article is to examine martial musical inst...