We present a detailed analytical study of the propagation of ultra high energy (UHE) particles in extragalactic magnetic fields. The crucial parameter which affects the diffuse spectrum is the separation between sources. In the case of a uniform distribution of sources with a separation between them much smaller than all characteristic propagation lengths, the diffuse spectrum of UHE particles ...

Humans' endogenous testosterone concentrations vary over a number of temporal scales, with little known about variation longer than monthly cycles. Past studies of seasonal or circannual variation have principally used male participants and have produced inconsistent results. Thus, little is known about how testosterone concentrations fluctuate throughout the year, whether such variation differ...

This paper presents a general analysis for the performance of WLAN location determination systems. WLAN locations determination systems estimates the user location using software-based techniques in a WLAN environment. We present an analytical method for calculating the average distance error and probability of error of WLAN location determination systems. These expressions are obtained with no...

The Spectrum adjustable saline implant is optimal for prepectoral breast reconstruction as it can be placed virtually empty and thus flat, applying no pressure on the overlying skin flap. However, when saline is added, it tends to pool at the bottom of the implant resulting in its uneven surface and rippling. Air filling results in the uniform distribution within the implant shell and smooth ev...

In vivo water content in the epidermal stratum corneum can be estimated by means of low frequency susceptance measurements. In the in vitro calibration necessary to find the in vivo water content, the stratum corneum will have a uniform distribution of water across its thickness. However, in vivo stratum corneum has an increasing water concentration profile from the outermost towards the innerm...

Recent experiments in high-energy physics have sparked interest in problems where a parameter is restricted to a portion of its natural range—for example, a positive normal mean or a Poisson mean that is known to exceed some background level. A recent article has shown that the Bayesian credible intervals that arise when the parameter is given a uniform distribution over the restricted range ha...

The segregation of Cr in Co–Cr based thin film recording media was measured using energy-filtered TEM images and quantitatively evaluated by the scatter diagram (SD) method. Following a description of such SD analysis it is applied to the measurement of Cr segregation in two CoCrPtB thin film recording media with different Cr contents. Taking the entire data sets into account, the two dimension...

In this paper, we propose a simple and straightforward algorithm for neural spike sorting. The algorithm is based on the observation that the distribution of a neural signal largely deviates from the uniform distribution and is rather unimodal. The detected spikes to be sorted are first processed with some feature extraction technique, such as PCA, and then represented in a space with reduced d...

For scatterplots with gaussian distributions of dots, the perception of Pearson correlation r can be described by two simple laws: a linear one for discrimination, and a logarithmic one for perceived magnitude (Rensink & Baldridge, 2010). The underlying perceptual mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. To cast light on these, four different distributions of datapoints were examined. The...

Prevalence of severe food insecurity was estimated for Brazilian municipalities based on the 2004 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). First, a logistic regression model was developed and tested with this database. The model was then applied to the 2000 census data, generating severe food insecurity estimates for the Brazilian municipalities, which were subsequently analyzed according to th...