the main problem of ptolemaic model of the superior planets was related to the “equant point”. it is a geometrical point with respect to which the motion of the deferent sphere is uniform. but it cannot be acceptable on the basis of aristotle's philosophy on the motions of celestial spheres. astronomers of maragha school devised some new models to avoid this problem, while they were in acc...

the most conveni ent me thod f or d e t ermining bone dose duri ng ext ra-oral . radi ogr aphy is ph o togr aph~c r adiation desimetry.this met hod was used bec ause, it is cheap,srnall l i ghtweight a nd adequately sens itive a nd i t a l s o prov i des a p e rmanent r ecor ds ( l o}. i t i s evident f r om thi s r eport tha t a r e l a tionsh i p e xist s between the bone and s k i n dose , a...

A version of the law of small numbers is analyzed in information-theoretic terms. Specifically, let f = {fi, i = 0, 1, . . .} be a probability mass function (pmf) on nonnegative integers with mean λ < ∞. Denote the nth convolution of f by f and denote the α-thinning of f by Tα(f). Then, as n → ∞, the entropy H(T1/n(f )) tends to H(po(λ)), where po(λ) denotes the pmf of the Poisson distribution ...

Accurate estimates o f kill rates remain a key lim itation to addressing many predator—prey questions. Past approaches for identifying kiU sites o f large predators, such as wolves {Canis lupus), have been lim ited primarily to areas w ith abundant w inter snowfall and have required intensive ground-tracking or aerial monitoring. M ore recently, attem pts have been made to identify clusters o f...

Reaction of the amido-bridged zirconium complex (CpSiMe(2)NSiMe(2)Cp)ZrCH(3) (1) (Cp = C(5)H(4)) with half an equivalent of B(C(6)F(5))(3) or Ph(3)CB(C(6)F(5))(4) afforded the binuclear zirconium complexes [(CpSiMe(2)NSiMe(2)Cp)Zr)(2)(mu-CH(3))][RB(C(6)F(5))(3)] (2a, R = CH(3), 2b, R = C(6)F(5)) with a methyl group as the bridge between the two zirconium atoms. In the presence of one equivalent...

view of mPT formation, providing evidence that cypD targets the OSCP subunit of the lateral stalk. Moreover, in addition to presenting a series of biochemical and functional evidence indicating that the mPT is correlated with the cypD-OSCP interaction, they directly addressed the pore forming ability of purified F 1 F O ATP-synthases. It is well established that the mPT represents the opening o...

A recent interesting paper by Melton et al. [ 11 discussed finding measures which preserve intuitive orderings on software documents. Informally, if 5 is such an ordering, then they argue that a measure M is a real-valued function defined on documents such that M(F) < M(F')whenever F< F. However, in measurement theory, this is only a necessary condition for a measure M. The representation condi...

I N T R O D U C T I O N Since the f inding that a fraction o f the Ca efflux in squid axons might be involved in a N a < o u p l e d exchange mechanism (Blaustein and Hodgkin , 1969) a great deal o f work has been devoted to analyze this particular unidirectional Ca f u x . Al though not all the features o f the Ca efflux have been firmly established, most o f the quantitative dependencies on N...

Scaling wide-coverage, constraint-based grammars such as Lexical-Functional Grammars (LFG) (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982; Bresnan, 2001) or Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammars (HPSG) (Pollard and Sag, 1994) from fragments to naturally occurring unrestricted text is knowledge-intensive, time-consuming and (often prohibitively) expensive. A number of researchers have recently presented methods to a...