This paper pursues an econometric investigation of the interactions between Japan’s housing investment and gross domestic product (GDP). A cointegrated vector autoregressive (VAR) analysis of Japan’s recent time series data reveals two cointegrating relationships, which characterize the underlying long-run interactions of the variables in question. The cointegrated VAR model is then reduced to ...

The National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) were revised with the release of the 2004 estimates. The largest revision was the incorporation of a more comprehensive measure of investment in medical sector capital. The revision raised total health expenditures' share of gross domestic product (GDP) from 15.4 to 15.8 percent in 2003. The improved measure encompasses investment in moveable equi...

Since the early 1990s, Amartya Sen and Mahbub al Haq advocated for a model of development that would enable individuals and communities to “lead the kind of life they choose”. This view of development, predicated on investing in human capabilities and opportunities, has resulted in widespread improvements in non-economic areas of development, notably in education and health. Measuring the succe...

In environmental studies, different types of system boundaries are needed. Disaggregated GIS data are crucial because they can be flexibly converted into the target boundaries. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should be highly evaluated as a valuable GIS data. We, however, show the problem that GDP per capita in urban areas is lower...

Using the Reinhart-Rogoff dataset, we find a debt threshold not around 90 per cent but around 30 per cent, above which the median real gross domestic product (GDP) growth falls abruptly. Our work is the first to formally test for threshold effects in the relationship between public debt and median real GDP growth. The null hypothesis of no threshold effect is rejected at the 5 per cent signific...

abstract this study investigates casual relationship between co2 emission and gross domestic product per capita in five different country groups, using cross- country data for the period 1960-2007. to achieve the purpose, the co- integration test and error correction models are applied. results confirm casual relationships between the two variables. a unilateral relationship between gdp and co2...

This paper selects Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as referential series of dependent variable, and selects logistics industry value added, total employment of logistics industry, new fixed assets investment, freight volume, freight turnover as compared series of independent variable, uses grey relational analysis method, researches on the relationship between China logistics industry development ...

We use the ratio of growth in global military expenditures to gross domestic product (GDP) to capture ex ante expectations of political instability and explore the relation between this measure and returns. In a standard global asset pricing framework with 44 countries, this measure helps to explain cross-country return differences. Furthermore, emerging countries have greater exposure to inter...

Escalating healthcare expenditures, which already represent 16% of the US’ gross domestic product (GDP), necessitate redesign of contemporary health care delivery modalities. One such model uses non-human employees (NHE) such as the Canis domesticus, which can potentially lower costs, provide sensitive detection of nosocomial pathogens, alert physicians and other caregivers to impending seizure...