Ubiquitination is an important post-translational process involving attachment of the ubiquitin molecule to lysine residue/s on a substrate protein or on another ubiquitin molecule, leading to the formation of protein mono-, multi- or polyubiquitination. Protein ubiquitination requires a cascade of three enzymes, where the interplay between different ubiquitin-conjugating and ubiquitin-ligase e...

In several areas of parallelism, the novelty of parallel algorithms is formed by decomposing the algorithm’s sequence either on the basis of data or tasks without touching the internal peculiarity of the original algorithms (serial algorithm). Parallel hardware has experienced significant growth in recent years and is readily affordable, as for today; multicore hardware now exists in the vast m...

Data mining is becoming increasingly important since the size of databases grows even larger and the need to explore hidden rules from the databases becomes widely recognized. Currently database systems are dominated by relational database and the ability to perform data mining using standard SQL queries will definitely ease implementation of data mining. However the performance of SQL based da...

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 2 First of all I would like to thank Prof. Marcus Groettrup for giving me the opportunity to perform my PhD in his group. Thank you for supplying optimal working conditions and providing scientific guidance over the past years. Thank you to Prof. Martin Scheffner's group for the collaboration in the UBE1L2 paper and for lots of advice. I would like to express m...

Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl's) are conjugated to target proteins or lipids to regulate their activity, stability, subcellular localization, or macromolecular interactions. Similar to ubiquitin, conjugation is achieved through a cascade of activities that are catalyzed by E1 activating enzymes, E2 conjugating enzymes, and E3 ligases. In this review, we will summarize structural and mechanistic ...

USP28 (ubiquitin-specific protease 28) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that has been implicated in the DNA damage response, the regulation of Myc signaling, and cancer progression. The half-life stability of major regulators of critical cellular pathways depends on the activities of specific ubiquitin E3 ligases that target them for proteosomal degradation and deubiquitinating enzymes that promote...

Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Marcus Groettrup for giving me the opportunity to do this work in his lab, where I began as a diploma student. He provided me with important advice and constant support during my work. Many thanks also go to … Gunter Schmidtke, who was always open to give me advice, not only in biochemical terms My fellow PhD students on the FAT10 pr...

Eukaryotic cells are made more diverse and complex by an intricate ensemble of post-translational modifications to their proteins. Of these, ubiquitination is perhaps the most fateful. Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small, robust, highly conserved protein (Figure 1). The covalent attachment of ubiquitin marks cellular proteins for degradation by the proteasome, and can elicit other consequences as well. D...

Ubiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates a myriad of eukaryotic functions. Our ability to study the effects of ubiquitination is often limited by the inaccessibility of homogeneously ubiquitinated proteins. In particular, elucidating the roles of the so-called 'atypical' ubiquitin chains (chains other than Lys48- or Lys63-linked ubiquitin), which account for...